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Ada Classification Project
55
Classification of Living Organisms
Ada Laugelli
Mrs. Green
Life Science B2
May 25, 2021
Bacteria
Bacteria is a single cellular organism. It is Prokaryotic, which means that it lacks a distinct nucleus and membrane bound organelles. Some are helpful and some harmful. They are also very small, and come in three main shapes, which are Cocci (spherical), Spirilla (spiral), and bacilli rod). An example of bacteria is Campylobacteria.
Taxonomy
Campylobacter jejuni
Taxonomy
Domain: Bacteria
Phylum: Proteobacteria
Class: Epsilon Proteobacteria
Order: Campylobacterales
Family: Campylobacteraceae
Genus: Campylobacter
Species: Campylobacter jejuni
Also called: Campylobacter coli
Campylobacter jejuni
-Found in raw milk and undercooked poultry and
-Contaminates food and water
-first identified in 1973
-most frequent cause of gastroenteritis in the US.
-RNA
Campylobacter jejuni
-In the domain bacteria
-In the class Spirilla
-Parasitic
-Causes food poisoning
-Effects are diarrhea
-Unlikely chance of transmission
Evolution
Campylobacter Jejuni
Evolution
Campylobacter Jejuni was first identified in 1973, But the disease was first recognized in 1886. It has not evolved much, however it can effect both humans and animals.
Pictures
Campylobacter jejuni
Pictures
Archaea
Archaea
Archaea are Prokaryotic organisms that are single celled. They can reproduce sexually or aesexualy. Archaea live in extreme environments such as hot springs, salty waters, and swamps. An example of Archaea is Sulfolobus tokodaii.
Taxonomy
Sulfolobus tokodaii
Taxonomy
Domain: Archaea
Kingdom: Crenarchaeota
Phylum: Crenarchaeota
Class: Thermoprotei
Order: Sulfolobales
Family: Sulfolobaceae
Genus: Sulfolobus
Species: Sulfolobus tokodaii
Sulfolobus tokodaii
-domain aechaea
-prokaryotic
-genes are closer to eukaryotes than any prokaryote
Sulfolobus tokodaii
-are heterotrophs
- single celled
-feeds on sulfur
-grown aerobically and heterotrophically at 75°C
-discovered in the 1900s at a hot spring in Japan
-favors a hot geothermal environment
-lives in near boiling sulfurous acid
Evolution
Sulfolobus tokodaii
Sulfolobus tokodaii was discovered in the 1900s at a hot spring in Japan. It has not evolved much overtime, however it continues to thrive in extreme hot places.
Evolution
Pictures
Sulfolobus tokodaii
Pictures
Bacteria V.S. Archaea
Bacteria:
-come in 3 shapes
-live almost anywhere
-cell wall made of mostly peptidoglycan
Bacteria
V.S.
Archaea
Archaea:
-lives in extreme environments
-cell walls lack peptidoglycan
-move with flagellum
Both:
-single celled
-no nuclei
-prokaryotes
Eukarya
Eukarya
Eukarya is Eukaryotic, which means they have a nuclei. They have membrane bound organelles and divide through mitosis. They are able to be large, and are found almost everywhere on the planet. Eukarya are more abundant than prokarya.
Protista
Protista
Protista are Eukaryotic organisms that can be multi and single celled. Some can be producers, consumers, and decomposers. Some can control their movement, yet others cannot. Some can produce aesexualy and other produce sexually. As you can see they are the most diverse kingdom.
Giant Kelp
-multicellular
-DNA + RNA
-Eukaryotic
-both sexual and aesexual reproduction
Giant Kelp
-thrive in cold ocean waters
-provides thousands of creatures a habitat
-Home to one of the worlds biggest ecosystems
-autotroph
-sea urchins destroy kelp forest each year
- Sea lions regulate the urchins.
Evolution
Giant Kelp
Giant Kelp has been around sense three million years ago. Sea Otters helped it to evolve by creating a ecosystem around it.
Evolution
Pictures
Giant Kelp
Pictures
Taxonomy
Giant Kelp
Taxonomy
Domain: Protista
Kingdom: Heterokontophyta
Phylum: Heterokontophyta
Class: Phaeophyceae
Order: Laminariales
Family: Laminariaceae
Genus: Macrocystis
Species: pyrifera
Food Web
Giant kelp
Sea Lion
Killer Whale
Sea Otter
Food Web
Fish
Crustacean
Sea Urchin
Giant Kelp
Fungi
Fungi
Fungi are Eukaryotic heterotrophs. They have a rigid cell wall, and no chlorophyll. They also have Micilium, which is the structure of hyphae. Fungi can come in a variety of shapes and sizes and can be consumers or decomposers.
Button Mushrooms
-growing since ancient times (France)
-first in US grew in abandoned coal mines
-found in grocery stores around the world.
Button
Mushrooms
-Eukarotic
-multicellular
-heterotrophs
-sexual + aesexual
- DNA + RNA
-grow on fields and grasslands
-they feed the environment
-used in many restaurants and dishes
-decomposers
Evolution
Button Mushroom
Evolution
Button Mushrooms have been growing sense ancient times in Europe. However, they first started growing in caves in the US. They have not evolved much, but have evolved to grow in different places.
Pictures
Button Mushrooms
Pictures
Taxonomy
Button Mushroom
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Fungi
Phylum: Basidiomycota
Class: Hymenomycetes
Order: Agaricales
Family: Agaricaceae
Genus: Agaricus
Species: bisporus
Food Web
Button Mushrooms
Fox
Deer
Rabbit
Food Web
Decomposition
Button Mushroom
Plants
Plant
Plants are Eukaryotic organisms. They are usually green and are broken into two groups which are: Vascular and nonvascular. Nonvascular plants are seedless and don't have vascular tissues. They are usually the first to live an in environment, and they release spores. Vascular plant have vascular tissues, and are either gymnosperms( seeds with no flowers), angiosperms (flowering), and seedless. They all have the capability to grow taller than nonvascular.
Saguaro Cactus
-largest cactus in the US
-tallest was 78 feet
-grow in the Sonoran Desert
-effective root system for collecting water.
Saguaro Cactus
-Provide nesting places for many animals
-bats enjoy the pollen
-many birds are given nesting places
-DNA+RNA
-multicellular
-autotrophs
-sexual+aesexual
Evolution
Saguaro Cactus
Evolution
Over time the Saguaro Cactus has adapted more and more to its desert environment. It has changed by having downward pointing spikes which help the water to flow downward towards the depressions of the cactus. This helps it not get dehydrated.
Pictures
Saguaro Cactus
Pictures
Taxonomy
Saguaro Cactus
Taxonomy
Domain- Eukarya, Eukaryotes
Kingdom- Plantae, Plants
Phylum Tracheophyta, Vascular Plants
Class- Magnoliopsida, Dicots
Order- Caryophyllales
Family- Cactaceae, Cactus
Genus- Carnegiea, Saguaro
Species- Carnegiea gigantean, Saguaro Cactus
Food Web
Saguaro Cactus
Bat
Coyote
Bob Cat
Food Web
javelina
Saguaro Cactus
Animals
Animal
Animals are eukaryotic multicellular organisms.They reproduce sexually and aesexually, and develop from embryos. They are capable of locomotion, and have specialized parts such as organs and tissues. Animals are consumers that are broken up into two groups such as vertebrates and invertebrates. Vertebrates have backbones whereas invertebrates do not.
Vertebrates
Vertebrates
Unlike invertebrates, Vertebrates have backbones. They are Eukaryotic and multicellular. There are five types of Vertebrates, including fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds. These five groups are very different compared to each other. Surprisingly there are more invertebrates in the world than there are vertebrates, which is interesting because people most commonly think of vertebrate when they think of an animal.
Fish
Fish
Fish are Eukaryotic and multicellular. They swim under water and use gills to get oxygen. Some are endotherms, which are organisms that can regulate there body heat, while others ectotherms, which means they have to use other sources to find body heat. They also have swim bladders, which are gas filled sacs used to control buoyancy. If you look closely at a fish you can see its lateral line which marks the spot of sense organs that detect vibration in the water.
Parrot Fish
-Closed circulatory system
-One common type is the Blue Parrot Fish
-use beak to eat coral
-there poop becomes sand
-DNA+RNA
-multicellular
-Heterotrophs
-Sexual reproduction
Parrot Fish
-originated in the Caribbean sea
-now live in oceans around the world
-habitat: coral reefs
-gills
Evolution
Parrot Fish
Evolution
Parrot fishes scales have evolved to match the bright colors of the coral. This happened when they stopped living in sea grass and started living in coral reefs.
Pictures
Parrot Fish
Pictures
Food Web
Crab
Parrot Fish
Moray Eel
Cuddle fish
Reef Shark
Food Web
Algae From Coral
Parrot fish
Taxonomy
Parrot Fish
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Actinopterygii
Order: Perciformes
Family: Scaridae
Genus:Scarus
Species: Scarus coeruleus
Dichotomous Key
Parrot Fish
1a. Parrot fish with no bump on its head-go to 2
1b. Parrot Fish with a bump on its head- Bumphead Parrot Fish
2a. multicolored parrot fish-go to 3
2b. Colored mainly blues- Blue Parrot fish
3a.Has a pink strip on its face- Princess Parrot Fish
3b.has small yellow spots and orange under the mouth- Rainbow Parrot Fish
Dichotomous Key
Amphibians
Amphibian
Amphibians are Eukaryotic and multicellular. They have thin, moist skin that they breath and drink water through.They are ectotherms that can live on both water and land. Also they go through metamorphisis, and lay their eggs in water. Often they have bright colors to scare of predators. Have lungs and a closed circulatory system.
Red Eyed Tree Frog
-fond in central America and Mexico
-live in trees
-climate is warm, tropical, and moist
Red Eyed Tree Frog
-DNA+RNA
-multicellular
-Heterotrophs
-sexual reproduction
-closed circulatory system
-lungs
-other places and lakes and ponds
-start life as tadpoles
Evolution
Red Eyed Tree Frog
Evolution
The Red Eyed Tree Frog was first identified in the 1860s. Their toes are adapted to have toe pads for climbing and sticking to trees. Over time it has adapted to have its pretty coloration to camouflage.
Pictures
Red Eyed Tree Frog
Pictures
Taxonomy
Red Eyed Tree Frog
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: Anamalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Amphibia
Order: Anura
Family: Hylidae
Genus: Agalychnis
Species: Agalychnis callidryas
Food Web
Red Eyed Tree Frog
Jaguar
Macaw
Python
Monkey
Food Web
Red Eyed Tree frog
Fly
Moth
Dichotomous Key
Red Eyed Tree Frog
1a. small bright colored-go to 2
1b. large brown -Goliath Frog
2a. red eyes- Red Eyed Tree Frog
2b. majority one color- go to 3
3a. Blue with black dots-Blue Poison Dart Frog
3b. Orange-red with white belly- Tomato Frog
Dichotomous Key
Reptiles
Reptile
Reptiles are Eukaryotic and multicellular. They have thick, dry, and scaly skin. They are ectotherms just like Amphibians, and have lungs. Reptiles lay their amniotic eggs on land. They are vertebrates that have mostly internal fertilization. Most reptiles have three chambered hearts with two atria and one common ventricle.
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
-heterotrophs
-Multicellular
-DNA+RNA
-Sexual reproduction
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
-subtropical and temperate oceans
-maintain coral health
-eat clams and sea urchins
-closed circulatory system
-lungs
-lives in almost all oceans
-has hard head
Evolution
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Evolution
The Loggerhead dates back to 150 years ago, when their ancestors lived during the late Cretaceous period. However, all of their ancestors are extinct.
Pictures
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Pictures
Food Web
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Shark
Lobster
Food Web
Jellyfish
Sea Turtle
Plankton
Shrimp
Taxonomy
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarya
Kingdom: anamalia
Phylum: chordate
Class: Reptilia
Order:Testudines
Family: Cheloniidae
Genus: Caretta
Species: Caretta
Dichotomous Key
Loggerhead Sea Turtle
1a. hard shells-go to 2
1b. soft leathery shell-Leatherback
2a. green colored back- Green Sea Turtle
2b. brown back- go to 3
3a. thin with hooked beak- Hawkbill
3b. flat hard head- Loggerhead
Dichotomous Key
Birds
Bird
Birds are Eukaryotic and multicellular. They reproduce sexualy and are endotherms and heterotrophs. Also, they have lungs and a closed Respiratory system. Some birds use their feathers to fly, while others don´t. They use their beaks or bills to help them consume food. When birds reproduce they lay their eggs, which are covered with a hard shell in nests.
Budgies
-live in Australia
-habitat: savannas, grassland, and open forests
-like climates of 70-75 degrees
Budgie
-multicellular
-DNA+RNA
-sexual reproduction
-heterotrophs
-They are common pets
-Natural color is green
-lungs
-closed Respiratory system
Evolution
Budgie
Evolution
Budgies do have prehistoric ancestors. People can see this by looking underneath their wings and seeing scales like those of dinosaurs.
Pictures
Budgie
Pictures
Taxonomy
Budgie
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukarta
Kingdom: Anamalia
Phylum: Chordata
Class: Aves
Order: Psittaciformes
Family: Psittacidae
Genus: Melopsittacus
Species: Melopsittacus undulatus
Food Web
Budgie
Seeds
Hawk
Food Web
Cat
Budgie
Dichotomous Key
Budgie
1a. large tropical colored bird- go to 2
1b. small tropical colored bird- go to 3
2a. multicolored- go to 4
2b. royal blue colored- hyacinth macaw
3a. slightly bigger, green with blue on wing tips- monk parakeet
3b. smaller, green and yellow, blue, white - Budgie
4a. mainly red with blue and yellow wings- scarlet macaw
4b. blue back, yellow belly, and green head-blue and yellow macaw
Dichotomous Key
Mammals
Mammal
Mammals are Eukaryotic and multicellular. Unique to them are body hair and a diaphragm. They also have mammary and sweat glands. Most mammals give birth to young alive and give milk to there babies. Mammals are Endotherms. They have specialized teeth, and can be carnivores, herbivores, or omnivores.
Food Web
Ring Tailed Lemur
Red Ruffed Lemur
Ring Tailed Lemur
Food Web
Tamarind Leaves
Fig
Ring Tailed Lemur
-multicellular
-DNA+RNA
-heterotrophs
-sexual reproduction
Ring Tailed Lemur
-lungs
-closed Circulatory system
-groups of 3-25
-live in Madagascar
-habitat rainforest
-spend time on the ground and mid canopy
-enjoy 70-85 degrees F.
Evolution
Ring Tailed Lemur
Evolution
The Ring Tailed Lemur was though to have evolved during the eocene. Some of their ancestors are Lorises. Made their way to Madagasgar between 40 and 52 mya.
Pictures
Ring Tailed Lemur
Pictures
Taxonomy
Ring Tailed Lemur
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukary
Kingdom: Animalia
Phylum: chordata
Class: Mammalia
Order: Primates
Family: Lemuridae
Genus: Lemur
Species: Lemur Catta
Dichotomous Key
Ring Tailed Lemur
1a. short ears, multiple colors-go to 2
1b. large ears, dark brown, and one large finger- Aye-Aye
2a. ringed tail- Ring tailed Lemur
2b. does not have ringed tail- go to 3
3a. Black and red- Red ruffed lemur
3b. Black and white- Sifaka
Dichotomous Key
Invertebrates
Invertebrates
Invertebrates are animals that have no backbones. They are eukaryotic and multicellular. There are three types of symmetry that they come in. These three groups are Asymmetry (no symmetry at all), bilateral symmetry (two sides with the same layout), and radial symmetry (branches out from the center. An example of and invertebrate is the Common Octopus.
Common Octopus
-DNA + RNA
-multicellular
-heterotrophs
-sexual reproduction
Common Octopus
-most intelligent invertebrate
-grow up to 14ft
-closed circulatory system
-gills
-found worldwide in tropical or temperate waters
-feed on crabs, snails, and small fishes
-trap their prey by using tentacles and a beak
Evolution
Common Octopus
The Common Octopus evolved from a monoplacophoran-like ancestor that had a curved shell. One possible cause of evolution was the need to find and process food.
Evolution
Pictures
Common Octopus
Pictures
Taxonomy
Common Octopus
Taxonomy
Domain: Eukaryota
Kingdom: Anamalia
Phylum: Mollusca
Class: Cephalopoda
Order: Octopoda
Family: Octopodidae
Genus: Octopus
Species: Octopus vulgaris
Food Web
Common Octopus
Great White Shark
Sea Otter
Fish
Hag Fish
Food Web
Common Octopus
Crab
Dichotomous Key
Common Octopus
1a. has tentacles-go to 2
1b. no tentacles-go to 3
2a. eight tentacles-octopus
2b. less/more than 8 tentacles-go to 4
3a. Big claws, thin body- Lobster
3b. pink body
4a. Cone shaped head-Squid
4b. Round jelly-like body- Jelly fish