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Gen Ch2 - Pt 1 Cell Organelles

KK

Kathryn Komar

Transcript

Chapter 2 - Cells

Part 1 - Cell Organelles

Intro

Prokaryotes

  • Simple
  • No nucleus
  • Usually bacteria

Eukaryotes

  • Complex
  • Membrane-bound organelles
  • Single or Multicellular

Intro

Outside the Cell

  • Cells are surrounded by a cell membrane made of a phospholipid bilayer with proteins and carbohydrates imbedded within.
  • Extracellular matrix - allows for cell adhesion, precise sequence of interaction between cell surfaces, and cell adhesion molecules (CAM) guide the white blood cells to the injury site.

Outside the Cell

The Nucleus

  • Nuclear membrane- nuclear envelope covers the nucleus.
  • Nuclear pore- holes in the membrane
  • Nucleolus – produces ribosomes

The Nucleus

Around the Nucleus

  • Ribosomes- site of protein synthesis. No membrane, may be free or attached to ER.
  • Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) – A network of tubules and sacs made of membrane
  • Smooth ER- -no ribosomes – produces lipids and steroids, found in cells that secrete and store 
  • Rough ER has ribosomes and is found in cells that produce proteins, including antibodies.

Energy & Transport

  • Mitochondria- Makes ATP from glucose. It has its own DNA
  • Golgi apparatus- Its function is synthesis, storing, sorting and shipping materials.
  • Vesicles- membrane sacs used for storage and transport

Energy & Transport

Waste Removal

  • Lysosomes- sacs of enzymes that break down bacteria, fats, and food. Also play a role in destroying cells
  • Tay sachs disease is an error in lysosomes causes a fatty material to build up on nerve cells.
  • Peroxisomes- sacs of H2O2 that breaks down lipids, fats, bile, found in the liver and kidney.

Waste Removal

Structure & Support

  • Cytoskeleton – gives cells shape and includes Microtubules, Microfilaments, and Intermediate Filaments
  • Will also serve as a foundation for cilia and flagella 
  • Spherocytosis– defect in the cytoskeleton of RBC. Symptoms cause RBC to balloon out, blocking blood vessels in organs
  • Centrioles- made of microtubules and used during cell division

Structure & Support

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