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Transcript
NATURAL HAZARDS
PRAIRIE WILDFIRE
Overview
1
1. What is a wildfire and it's characteristics?
2. Case Study
3. Impacts to People and Environment
4. Provincial Emergency Response Plan
Description
2
Wildfire - Hazard
#1
what Are THEY? HOW are they caused?
- Large, destructive fire
- Uncontrollable which leads to the fire spreading quickly
- Wipes out large areas of land
- Occurs in areas of combustible vegetation
- Wildfires are caused due to lit and unattended campfires
- It causes smoke to rise turning it into a wildfire.
- Natural affects of wildfire due to lightning strikes
- There are 2 types of lighting strikes; cold lightning is a return stroke with intense electrical current
- Hot lightning heats the atmosphere of the air causing wildfires.
- The main reason is due to humans carelessness
#2
How does a wildfire start?
- A little spark, combined with forests and wind starts a wildfire
- Heat, oxygen, and fuel causes it to explode in size
- It needs oxygen, heat, and fuel for the wildfire to start
Where do they mostly occur?
- They occur where vegetation is combustible
- In the Prairie regions of Saskatchewan
#3
Types of wildfires
3 types of Wildfire
1. Surface fires
2. Ground fires
3. Crown fires
Now let's look at our Case Study
3
1. Case Study
2. Political Impacts
3. Economic Perspective
4. Lessons learned
Links
- https://globalnews.ca/news/3814884/saskatchewan-aftermath-wildfires-wind
Case Study
Political Impacts
Political
- Government had to send 50 fire departments
- Pay for loss of:
- 34,000 hectares of land
- More than 400 livestock dead
- They had to spend around 1 million for all the loss that had occurred
Impacts
Economic
- Cost of fighting fires estimates $500 million - $1 billion/year
- Recovering a destroyed forest includes expenses
- Specifically, the case study we did had burned down many homes
- Homes, job, roads and building is a sense of loss
- After the wildfire, rebuilding all the infrastructure can cost a lot of money
- Cost depends on how much damage has been done
- Recovering from the impacts can cost a lot of money
- Local employment can decrease due to a large wildfires
- Overall, there can also be a loss in agriculture business
Lessons Learned
Lesson
- Having a proper roof design
- fence design
- mowing your lawn regularly
- It can help reduce impacts that happen during a wildfire.
- A proper design prevents fire from coming into your house
- Cutting your grass regularly can prevent
- In the aftermath, the government identified a gap in insurance coverages.
- $100 K disaster relief fund has been set up.
Impacts to People and Environment
4
Impacts
People
- 4,000 hectares of land burning led to two people getting injured admitted to hospital in Alberta
- Smoke ashes caused one man to die due to collision of single vehicle
- Smoke particles can cause breathing problems affecting places nearby
- Causes mental health issues; anxiety, PTSD and other mental health issues due to loss of homes and agricultural land
- Others may develop a fear of that place causing decrease in population
- Evacuation
- Case Study - Fire had spread across almost 30,000 hectares forcing evacuations
- Case Study - 30,000 hectares of land were burned leading to home loss
Impacts
Environment
- Carbon footprint has increased leading to global climate changes and greenhouse effect
- Increased air pollution due to 4,000 hectares burned near Tompkins
- Soil gets less absorptive as nutrients were destroyed causing surface runoffs
- Specifically, in the case study 30,000 hectares had been burned over Burstall
- Estimated, 400 livestock were killed
- Positive impacts:
- Due to the wildfire, it burns the undergrowth
- It burns the dead remains of the trees and plants
- More sunlight can reach the soil and young plants
Saskatchewan
Emergency Response Plan
5
Lets see what to do before a wildfire...
Before
How to prepare for the wildfire?
Preparation
- Prepare an emergency kit
- Remove fire hazards that could catch on fire easily
- Try to keep a sprinkler on hand
- Do fire drills with your family members
- Make an evacuation plan
- Make sure your family is familiar with the terms “STOP, DROP, AND ROLL” just in case clothes catch on fire
- Install more than 1 smoke detector on all floors
- Consult your local fire department for any issues or fire related problems
What to do if a wildfire is approaching your home?
If Wildfire
approaching
If you notice that a wildfire is approaching your home:
- Call 911 immediately
- Close all the windows and doors
- Cover any vents or other openings
- If you're in the car then keep the windows closed
- Turn off any equipment that uses propane
What to do during a wildfire?
During
- Keep up with the news
- Be prepared to evacuate out of your house at any time
- Make sure every door and window is closed
- Remove flammable drapes or other window coverings
- Keeping lights on to aid visibility just in case the home gets filled with mike
- If you have sufficient water, turn sprinklers to wet the roof and any other waterproof valuables.
After A wildfire
After
- Make sure there are no sparks of fire left
- Consult with fire officials if it's safe to enter home
- Check every single corner of your house to make sure no fire sparks are left behind
- Keep checking
- Consult 911 immediately if you have a feeling of something is wrong
- Contact the Ministry of Environment when recovering from it
Thank You!
6
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