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Christendom Project: Annotated Timeline

By: Rose-Lynn Okongwu and Kayla Williams

5

50 CE

Council of Jerusalem:

Alternative Name: Jerusalem Conference:

A conference of the Christian Apostles in Jerusalem. The Council of Jerusalem demonstrated the willingness of apostolic leaders to make compromises on certain secondary issues in order to maintain peace and unity in the church. The Council of Jerusalem impacted Christianity. It impacted churches and made Christianity more accessible to the Roman Empire and made the religion easier to follow. Decision made helped change Christianity from a small Jewish sect into a worldwide religion.

50 CE

Emperor Nero ‘Great Fire of Rome’

Jul 18, 64 AD – Jul 23, 64 AD

When the great fire of Rome broke out it destroyed much of the city. Many stories can be told, about Nero, the Roman emperor at the time. Many say he either started the fire or played a part in it however, there is no evidence. He did use the disaster to further benefit his political agenda.was the at the time, there are many stories can be told, The fire began in Palatine Hill. 14 districts were completely wiped out; only four were untouched by the tremendous conflagration. The ‘Great Fire of Rome’ impacted Rome by destroying two-thirds of Rome and Emperor Nero blamed the devastation on the Christian community in the city.

Jul 18, 64 AD – Jul 23, 64 AD

Emperor Constantine ‘Edict of Milan’

313 AD

Edict of Milan, proclamation that permanently established religious toleration for Christianity within the Roman Empire. It was the outcome of a political agreement concluded in Mediolanum (modern Milan) between the Roman emperors Constantine I and Licinius in February 313. The proclamation, made for the East by Licinius in June 313, granted all persons freedom to worship whatever deity they pleased, assured Christians of legal rights (including the right to organize churches), and directed the prompt return to Christians of confiscated property. Previous edicts of toleration had been as short-lived as the regimes that sanctioned them, but this time the edict effectively established religious toleration.

313 AD

First Council of Nicaea

Apr 6, 1453 – May 29, 1453

The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital city of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army. Fall of the city removed a powerful defense for Christian Europe against Muslim invasion it allowed for uninterrupted Ottoman expansion into eastern Europe. The fall of Constantinople impacted because the Ottoman Turks, at last, had control of the Balkans. Nothing could stop them from further Muslim conquests in Europe and it went on until after the Battle of Vienna in 1683.

Apr 6, 1453 – May 29, 1453

Fall of the Western Roman Empire

375 AD – September 4, 476 AD

In 476 C.E. Romulus, the last of the Roman emperors in the west, was overthrown by the Germanic leader Odoacer, who became the first Barbarian to rule in Rome. The order that the Roman Empire had brought to western Europe for 1000 years was no more. it fell because of the Invasions by Barbarian tribes The most straightforward theory for Western Rome's collapse pins the fall on a string of military losses sustained against outside forces. Rome had tangled with Germanic tribes for centuries, but by the 300s “barbarian” groups like the Goths had encroached beyond the Empire's borders.

375 AD – September 4, 476 AD

Gregory the Great becomes Pope

540 AD - March 12, 604 AD

Alternative Name: Gregorius Anicius

Pope Saint Gregory the Great saved the Church, in times so frightful that the men who lived in them were sure that the end of the world has come. He founded the great civilization which has lasted down to this day and of which we are part, Western Civilization. Gregory was moved from Roman nobles with a strong legacy of Christian faith. He is one of the four great Latin doctors of the church and upon his death, he was named a saint by popular acclaim. He impacted Christianity by being known for instigating the first recorded large-scale mission from Rome and to convert the then-pagan Anglo-Saxons in England to Christianity.

540 AD - March 12, 604 AD

The Great Schism

1053

Alternative Name: East-West Schism

This event happened because of political and social influences. One of the big causes was the breakup of the Roman Empire. The Roman Empire had become so large that it was difficult to govern it as a whole. Caused the final separation between the Eastern Christian churches and the Western church. In the end, it caused a permanent split of the two churches into the modern-day.

1053

First Crusade

1096 – 1099

The First Crusade was a military campaign by western European forces to recapture Jerusalem and the Holy Land from Muslim control. Conceived by Pope Urban II following an appeal from the Byzantine emperor Alexios I Komnenos, around 60,000 soldiers and at least half again of non-combatants set off on their quest.

1096 – 1099

Medieval Inquisition

1184–1230

The first Medieval Inquisition was established in the year 1184 against the Cathar movement. Torture was used after 1252 when Pope Innocent IV issued a papal bull which authorized the use of torture by inquisitors. No torture methods were allowed in an Inquisition that resulted in bloodshed, mutilation or death. A common form of torture was hanging the accused by their wrists, hoisted above ground and then having weights hung from their ankles. This torture method was known as the Judas Cradle and a similar method was called the Strappado. The rules restricting bloodshed extended to the preferred execution method of men or women who were proclaimed as heretics by the Inquisition was therefore being burnt to death.

1184–1230

Western Schism

1378 – 1417

The schism in the Western Roman Church resulted from the return of the papacy to Rome under Gregory XI on January 17, 1377, ending the Avignon Papacy, which had developed a reputation for corruption that estranged major parts of western Christendom. This reputation can be attributed to perceptions of predominant French influence and to the papal curia’s efforts to extend its powers of patronage and increase its revenues. The Western Schism, or Papal Schism, was a split within the Roman Catholic Church that lasted from 1378 to 1417. During that time, three men simultaneously claimed to be the true pope. Driven by politics rather than any theological disagreement, the schism was ended by the Council of Constance during , 1414–1418.

1378 – 1417

Fall of Constantinople

Apr 6, 1453 – May 29, 1453

The Fall of Constantinople was the capture of the capital city of the Byzantine Empire by an invading Ottoman army. Fall of the city removed a powerful defense for Christian Europe against Muslim invasion it allowed for uninterrupted Ottoman expansion into eastern Europe. The fall of Constantinople impacted because the Ottoman Turks, at last, had control of the Balkans. Nothing could stop them from further Muslim conquests in Europe and it went on until after the Battle of Vienna in 1683.

Apr 6, 1453 – May 29, 1453

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