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Transcript

The

Digestive

System

Created by D'Ajah Owens

for Mrs. Cummings 1st & 2nd period class

Due Date: November 29, 2018

Body System

  • This system is used to provide the body with absorb-able nutrients and to excrete waste products.
  • The main functions are to produce physical and chemical breakdown of food for use by the body.

Body System

Organs of the System

The Mouth

The mouth receives food as it enters the body. While food is in the mouth, it is tasted & broken down by the teeth, lubricated and partially digested by saliva, and then swallowed.

The Pharynx (Throat)

The throat is a tube that carries both air & food. It carries the air to the trachea, or windpipe, and food to the esophagus.

The Esophagus

The esophagus is the muscular tube dorsal behind the trachea. This tube receives the bolus (chewed food mixed with saliva) from the pharynx and carries the bolus to

the stomach.

The Stomach

The stomach is an enlarged part of the alimentary canal. It receives the food from the esophagus, and prepares this food to enter the small intestine.

The Small Intestine

The small intestine is a coiled section of the alimentary canal. Approximately 20 feet and 1 inch in diameter, it is divided into 3 parts: the duodenum, jejunum, and the ileum. While food is in the small intestine, the process of digestion is completed, and the products of digestion

are absorbed into the bloodstream for use by the

body cells.

The Large Intestine

The large intestine is the final section of the alimentary canal. It is approximately 5 feet in length and 2 inches in diameter. Functions include absorption of water and any remaining nutrients; storage of indigestible materials before they are eliminated from the body, and transportation of waste products out of the alimentary system. The large intestine is divided into a series of connected sections.

Accessory Organ: The Liver

The liver is the largest gland in the body and is an accessory organ to the digestive system. It is located in

the upper right quadrant of the abdomen. The liver secretes bile, which is used to emulsify fats

in the digestive tract.

Accessory Organ: The Gallbladder

The gallbladder is a small, muscular sac located under the liver and attached to it by connective tissue. It stores and concentrates bile, which it receives from the liver. When the bile is needed to emulsify fats in the digestive tract, the gallbladder contracts and pushes the bile through the cystic duct into the common bile duct, which

drains into the duodenum.

Accessory Organ: The Pancreas

The pancreas is a glandular organ located behind the stomach. It produces pancreatic juices, which contain enzymes to digest food. The pancreas also produces insulin, which is secreted into the bloodstream.

Definitions

1. Alimentary Canal- A long, muscular tube that begins at the mouth and includes the mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, and anus.

2. Tongue- A muscular organ that contains special receptors called taste buds.

3. Salivary glands- Three pairs of salivary glands, the parotid, sublingual, and submandibular, produce a liquid called saliva.

4. Peristalsis- A rhythmic, wavelike, involuntary movement of the muscles in the esophagus.

5. Villi- The walls of the small intestine are lined

with these fingerlike projections that contain blood capillaries and lacteals.

6. Anus- Fecal material, or stool, the final waste product of the digestive process, is expelled through this opening.

.

Medical Terminology

Human Growth and Development

Human Growth & Development

  • Infancy, Toddler, and Preschool Stages: At birth, your baby’s digestive system is still developing and maturing. As a toddler your child’s digestive system continues to mature. The first two years are the most critical. In their early childhood, your child's digestive system is mature enough to digest more complex and solid food substances.
  • School-age, Adolescence, and Young Adulthood Stages: By these stages, permanent teeth have had developed, so all foods can pretty much be eaten. By this time the digestive system should be fully grown too.
  • Middle & Older Adulthood Stages: In these stages it is crucial to watch what foods are entering the body because overtime there can be changes in the digestive system that include: slowed peristalsis, periodontal disease, decrease in secretion of digestive juices, etc.

Related Careers

1. Dentist- Treats the diseases and conditions that affect the teeth and gums.

2. Dietician- An expert on diet and nutrition.

3. Enterostomal RN or Technician-Specialized training in treating patients with ostomies.

4. Gastroenterologist- A physician who specializes in diseases of the digestive system.

5. Hepatologist- Manages disorders in the liver, the biliary tree, the gallbladder and the pancreas.

6. Internist- A specialist in internal medicine.

7. Proctologist- Deals with the structure and diseases of the anus, rectum, and colon.

Related Careers

System Diseases

Cholecystitis

  • Cholecystitis is an inflammation of the gallbladder.
  • Gallstones blocking the tube leading out of the gallbladder usually cause this.
  • Symptoms frequently occur after eating fatty foods and include indigestion, nausea and vomiting, and rib pain.
  • Treatment methods include a low-fat diet, lithotripsy, and/or a cholecystectomy.

Cirrhosis

  • Cirrhosis is a chronic destruction of liver cells accompanied by the formation of fibrous connective and scar tissue.
  • Causes include hepatitis, bile duct disease, chemical toxins, and malnutrition associated with alcoholism.
  • Symptoms vary and become more severe as the disease progresses.
  • Treatment is directed toward preventing further damage to the liver. Alcohol avoidance, proper nutrition, vitamin supplements, rest, infection prevention, and appropriate exercise are encouraged.
  • A liver transplant may be performed if too much of the liver is destroyed.

Gastroenteritis

  • Gastroenteritis is an inflammation of the mucous membrane that lines the stomach and intestinal tract.
  • Causes include food poisoning, infection, and toxins.
  • Symptoms include abdominal cramping, nausea, vomiting, fever, and diarrhea.
  • Usual treatment methods are rest and increased fl uid intake. In severe cases, antibiotics, intravenous fl uids, and medications to slow peristalsis may be used.

Hemorrhoids

  • Hemorrhoids are painful dilated or varicose veins of the rectum and/ or anus.
  • They may be caused by straining to defecate, constipation, pressure during pregnancy, insuffi cient fl uid intake, laxative abuse, and prolonged sitting or standing.
  • Symptoms include pain, itching, and bleeding.
  • Treatment methods include a high-fiber diet; increased fluid intake; stool softeners; sitz baths or warm, moist compresses; and in some cases, a hemorrhoidectomy.

Hernia

  • A hernia, or rupture, occurs when an internal organ pushes through a weakened area or natural opening in a body wall.
  • Symptoms include heartburn, stomach distention, chest pain, and difficult swallowing.
  • Treatment methods include a bland diet, small frequent meals, staying upright after eating, and surgical repair.
  • If the hernia cannot be reduced or pushed back in place, a herniorrhaphy is performed.

Opening Activity

https://youtu.be/zo0bGkkqJGo

Opening Activity

HS-EHS-11: Anatomy, physiology and pathophysiology of the digestive system.

Essential Questions

1. What are the basic structures and functions of the digestive system?

2. What are some of the common diseases, disorders, emergencies of diseases of the system?

3. How can I trace the path of food throughout the digestive pathway?

4. How can I demonstrate, evaluate and document patient weight, height, and BMI?

Resources

1. DHO Textbook

2. www.google.com

3. www.thestar.com

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