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Transcript

Stages of the French Revolution

By: Cassandra Hauch

Incubation Stage

Cost of Bread Goes Up

Price of Bread

Bread was one of the most essential elements of French Cuisine and was also tied with the national identity. The average 18th Century worker spent half of their daily wage on bread. In 1788-1789 when the grain crop failed, the price of bread was raised to 88% of their daily wages. Most people blamed the king and queen for the famine and economic upheaval that happened after the price shot up.

The Age of Enlightenment

The Age of Enlightenement

The Age of Enlightenment's vision at its peak was getting rid of the old authorities to make society more rational. The French Revolution happened during this time. This vision of "throwing out" old rulers was a major inspiration for the French Revolution.

Wealth Gap/Social Classes

Wealth Gap

The strict social classes from pre-revolutionary France was when rights and privilages that you had were determined from birth. You couldn't change your social class unless you became royal. King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antoinette lived comfortably and spent money on things that they did not need. The citizens of France were starving and famine-stricken.

Marie's Inability to Produce a Male Heir

King Louis XVI and Queen Marie Antionette did not have a child until seven years into their marraige. A Queen's number one job was to produce a male heir so that the King would have someone to pass down the throne to. Their marraige was not consummated for seven years. This made people doubt Marie as a Queen.

The American Revolution

The French invested heavily in the American Revolution causing France to go into a lot of debt. This debt caused the price of bread to rise to try and help pay off those debts. Since the American Revolution was successful, the French were thinking that they could do the same thing and they had hope and were convinced that they would be successful.

Symptomatic Stage

The Estates

The Estates were basically the different social classes, there was the Nobility, the Clergy, and the commoners. The Nobility was the royal family, dukes, etc. The Clergy was the priests. The lowest social class, the commoners, was made up of everyone else. The commoners were somewhere around 80-90% of the French population at the time.

The National Assembly (Tennis Court Oath)

The National Assembly was the name for the revolutionary assembly. It consisted of representatives from the Third Estate. The Tennis Court Oath was an act of defiance made by the representative of the Third Estate in the National Assembly. They took an oath "never to separate until a written constitution had been established for France".

Declaration of the Rights of Man

The Declaration of the Rights of Man was one of the basic documents of human freedoms. It contained things that inspired the French Revolution. It consisted of 17 articles written between 8-20-1789 to 8-26-1789 by the National Assembly. This document also served as a preamble for the Constitution of 1791.

Moving the King and Queen to Paris

The capitol of France used to be in Verailles. Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette had a humongous palace where they lived in Versailles. The people of France forcibly moved Louis and Marie from their palace in Versailles to a palace in Paris. This way, there wouldn't be as much physical space between the royal family and their people

Storming of the Bastille

The Bastille was a prison that was located on the east side of Paris. The Prison had become a symbol of the monarch's dictatorial rule. This prison was attacked by an angry and very aggressive mob. This became one of the defining moments in the French Revolution.

Crisis Stage

The Guillotine

The guillotine is a machine that has a giant, heavy blade that moves vertically and is used for beheading people. Even before the guillotine was invented, severing heads and putting them on sticks was something that the French did when in battle. Joseph-Ignace Guillotin invented the guillotine as a way of carrying out executions in a less painful way.

The Poissardes

The Poissardes was a group of women, that sold fish, who marched 12 miles in the rain from Paris to Versailles to demand grain for bread from the King and Queen. The next day, the same women removed the royal family from their home and forced them to move to Paris.

Septmeber Massacre

The Septemeber Massacre lasted from Septemeber 2, 1972 to Septemeber 6, 1972. This was essentially the mass killing of prisoners that took place in Paris. It basically happened because after the overthrow of the monarchy, the people thought that the prisoners were planning to rise and join a counterrevolutionary plot. So, the people killed them before they had a chance to.

Royal Family Tried to Flee

In the middle of the night one night, King Louis XVI and his family tried to flee to Austria. They were stopped by one of the towns officers. The officer asked for a passport and identification. A passerby saw that it was the king and his family trying to flee the country, he had them arrested.

Louis and Marie's Execution's

King Louis XVI was executed by guillotine on January 21, 1793. After being convicted of conspiracy with foreign powers, Louis was executed in the Place de la Revolution in Paris. Nine months after Louis' execution, Marie Antoinette was also sentenced to death by the guillotine. She was also convicted of treason.

Convalescense Stage

Robespierre's Death

Maximilien Robespierre sent thousands of people to their death by the guillotine during the Frenvh Revolution. He was overthrown and arrested. He tried to commit suicide, but ended up breaking his jaw instead. He was then kept in a prison for a few days where people laughed and ridiculed him. He was executed by the guillotine. When he was executed, it meant the Reign of Terror was over.

The Directory

The Directory was a group of five men that were the executive power in France, according to the Constitution of 1795. They had the power before the end of the French Revolution, and before Napolean Banaparte gave himself power. They helped bring back trade and agriculture, and provided the basis for Napoleon's restoration of order

Democratic Ideas

One thing that the French Revolution brought to France was democratic principles. Despite this, the nation was not a demorcracy. These principles ended the absolute rule of kings and queens in France. These also made the middle class stronger. Once the revolution had ended, no ruler in France could abuse their power like the absolute rulers before them had.

Napolean Bonaparte

Napolean Bonaparte was a French military leader who fought in the French Revolution and later crowned himself "Emporer" sfter he gained some political power. He was the first French leader after the Revolution ended. Him rising to take power signified the end of the French Revolution.

Napoleonic Code

The Napoleonic Code stated: that all male citizens are equal, hereditary nobility, and class privileges were discarded; freedom of person, freedom of contract, and inviolability of private property become fundamental principles. This new code was better for the citizens of France because more people had more rights and freedoms.

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