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The Immune System
1
The Immune System
Video Objectives
- Describe the key routes of pathogenic transmission
- Explain the role of non specific defense
- Explain how specific immunity forms in response to pathogenic invasion
- Compare and contrast the specific and non specific defenses.
Pathogenic Transmission
Food
Water
Air
Contact
Droplet
Vector
Transmission
Congenital
Blood
Non-specific
1st Line Defenses
2nd Line Defenses
- Mast cells and Inflammation
- Phagocytosis
- Natural Killer cells
- Complement cascade
- Eosinophils and Basophils
Macrophages
Neutrophils
NK cells are lymphocytes that detect and destroy infected or cancerous cells.
1. Opsonisation
2. Chemotaxis
3. Cell lysis
4. Agglutination
Specific Immunity
- Adaptive (or acquired) immunity
- 3 key parts:
- B Cells
- T Cells
- Antibodies
Specific
- B-Cells connect to a specific pathogenic antigen.
- Turn into Plasma cells.
- Produce and release antibodies
- Small number migrate to bone marrow and form Memory cells.
Helper T-cells - coordinate the attacks - chemical signals to inform Killer T and B Cells to divide.
Killer T-cells - Destroying infected cells.
Antibodies trap invading viruses or bacteria in large clumps.
This makes it easier for macrophages to eat them.
Antibody-coated viruses are called “neutralized” because they can’t infect your cells.