Final

Important Events

1493-1525

In 1493 Thupa Yupanki dies and his son takes over Wayna Qhapaq. With him as their leader the Incas massive construction projects continue, and the system of Inca roads grows. In 1525 Wayna Qhapaq dies from small poxs.

Resources

Money

The Incas did not use money, in fact they did not need it. Their economy was so efficiently planned that every citizen had their basic needs met. Economic exchanges were made using the barter system by which people traded with each other for things they needed. Archeologists believe that there was no trading class in the Inca society. However there was external trading with other small groups of people outside the empire mostly from the Amazon.

Trade

Probably the most surprising thing about the Incas was that they had no currency. Instead they traded in agriculture. The Incas were extremely good farmers, and used a system called terracing. Terracing is when you create flat surfaces around hills and mountains. Some of the things that were frequently used in trade like squash, sweet potatoes, fruits like pineapples and papaya, feathers, animal skins, pots, ropes, llamas, gold and sliver but to the Incas the most valuable trade object was cloth. Cloth was very hard to produce only nobles were allowed to use prime cloth. The Incas traded cloth for other important objects like gold farming tools.

Game Time

Try To Survive

Your group is a rising civilization, and for any civilization to get bigger you are going to need to trade. In this game you will have 10 minutes to trade with your neighbors. However you will still need to maintain healthy relations with the other person. There is a twist, each group will be given a list of stuff they need to acquire. Your group will have supplies as well, but will the other groups be willing to help you?

You Must Acquire

2 Pineapples

2 Squashes

2 Sweet Potatoes

6 Pieces Of Cloth

3 Papaya

5 Pots

3 Silver

3 Gold

4 Ropes

3 Feathers

4 Animal Skins

Social Class Cont.

Inca-by-privilege - As the empire grew, the emperor needed more people he could trust in high positions in the government. There weren't enough of the original Inca to rule. So a new class was created called Inca-by-privilege. These people were considered nobles, but not as high in class as the true Inca.

Explanation

The role of the men and women depended on if they were peasants or nobles. If they were peasants it was full of hard work. The only time peasants were allowed not to work was during religious festivals. Other than that, they were expected to be working when they were not sleeping. Most of the peasant men worked as farmers. They didn't own their own farms, but worked land owned by the government. They also had to pay taxes to the government. The women

Explanation

worked hard at the home during the day. They cooked, made clothes, and took care of the children. Most girls were married by the time they took

were twelve years old. If you were a noble you lived a very easy life you didn't have to work you could own land and sell it to make money.

Game Time

From The Start

Game Time

Your team will be given certain roles. Some will be good others will be bad. Your team must give a role to each person and explain what that person does. The point of this assignment is to see if you can get your group to cooperate and get the roles or will there be unrest inside the civilization.

Question Time

Compare The Incan Social Class To What You See Today?

What role do you play now compared to the Incan civilization?

Would be okay playing that role today?

Practices

- The Inca required families to give some of their children to the government for sacrifice. This killing was believed to provide good luck from illness and natural disasters. It was considered an honour to have your child sacrificed.

- During the coronation of a new Sapa Inca children along with llamas were sacrificed in large numbers. The children were buried with sculptures made out of gold and silver. The bodies of the llamas were burned.

- When a Sapa Inca died he entered the world of Uku Pacha. The Inca believed that it would only be right if the Sapa Inca still got to keep his possesions. This palace, servants, etc. remained his.

Question Time

Discuss in your groups if the belief system helped the empire to rise or contributed to its fall.

Golden Age

The success of the Inca was largely based on an extensive network of roads and a functioning systems. The road network made it possible to move troops quickly. Also at this time all of the citizen if the Inca empire were getting money they all worked hard and the ruler at the time which was Huayna Capac Yupanqui was doing a good job of ruling the empire till the Spanish had invaded.

Question Time

What Do You Think Caused The Fall Of The Empire? After discussing this with your group, come write your answer on the board. Make sure you have details to support your reason.

The Fall

Francisco Pizarro was another Spanish explorer. One day, Pizarro and his men came across a large Inca camp. The Inca civilization was very advanced. They built a network of roads and stations connecting the Inca towns. When Francisco Pizarro arrived, the Inca Empire was just ending a civil war. A civil war is a war between people of the same country. The Inca civil war had been fought between two brothers, Atahuallpa and Huascar. Each brother thought he had the right to rule. The war ended when Atahuallpa killed his brother and became emperor. Atahuallpa was carried to Pizarro on a golden throne. Around his neck he wore a necklace of giant green emeralds.

The Fall Cont.

Pizzarro's priests asked Atahuallpa to give up the Inca religion and accept Christianity, and the King of Spain as ruler. When the Inca Emperor refused, Pizarro took him prisoner. To gain his freedom, Atahuallpa promised Pizarro enough silver and gold to fill a whole room. After the Incas provided Pizarro with the silver and gold, Pizarro had Atahuallpa killed. Atahuallpa was killed in 1533. The Spaniards destroyed the Inca civilization. They made slaves of the Inca people. The Inca silver and gold was sent to Spain.

Explanation

The fall of the Inca empire was due to two things. The civil war and the spanish explorers. The civil war was caused by two brothers fighting over who should rule after their father. The Incan empire was just recovering from the damage of this when the explorers came. This was like a downwards spiral for the empire. I believe that if the explorers had come slightly later on the empire would have survived.

Time Of The Downfall

1525-1532

After Wayna Qhapaq died His two sons fight over who gets control. The civil war eventually came to an end when Atahualpa's army defeated Huascar's troops in Cuzco.

1532-1533

Franciso Pizarro a Spanish explorer, sails from Panama with 160 men and 60 horses. The Spanish explorers ambush Atahualpa in Cajamarca and take him hostage.

Time Of The Downfall

1533-1536

The Spanish murder Atahulpa and take over the city of Cuzco. They crown Manco the leader of the Incas but it does not last for long the Spanish take control.

Time Of The Downfall

1536-1538

After being double crossed by the Spanish may times, Manco double crosses them and leads a year-long rebellion, destroying the city of Cuzco. During this rebellion Spaniards Diego de Almargo and Hernando Pizarro turn on each other and have a Inca armies fight on their behalf. In 1538, Hernando kill Almargo and secure a spot for Francisco Pizarro as the next leader.

Time Of The Downfall

1537-1572

Francisco Pizarro relocates to Lima where he is murdered by followers of Almargo in 1541. The Spanish continue their rein over the Inca Empire and plan an attack on the last Inca stronghold, Vilcabamba. The final Inca king is captured and publicly killed in the center of Cuzco.

1780

Tupac Amaru II a descendant of the Inca mounts a rebellion against the Spanish. He is caught and is executed by the Spanish, along with his entire family.