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Ethnic Orgins and Provincial Boundaies
New Brunswick was first a home to Mi'kmaq and Maliseet people. The oldest living first Nations group dates back to around 800 BC.
There are possibilities that vickings might have came to parts of Atlantic Canada which could have included New Brunswick.
The first known European explorer in New Brunswick was Jaques Catier.Jaques Cartier sailed through the Maritimes negotiated some trades and placed a cross to mark the land but he did no establish any settlements. He found and named the Bay of Chaleur (Chaleur Bay).
Samuel de Champlain, Pierre du Gua and Sieur de Monts and arrived and set up a setttlement on Saint Cross Island betweeen what is now New Brunswick and Maine. The French claimed presnet day parts Eastern Quebec and Maine, New Brunswick, Nova Scotia and PEI as the colony of Acadia or Acadie in French. During the next 150 years French settlements and seigneuries were established. The French left France due to the lack of farming land and higher taxes in France, people in Acadia were not required to pay taxes.
Acadian Flag
The Treaty of Utrech was signed, this gave New Brunswick to France and Nova Scotia to Britain.
The British forced many of the French Acadians to leave the colony of Acadia becuase they refused to take an oath of allegiance to King George III during the French and Indian War. They were sent to parts of the Thirteen Colonies, Britain, France and others escaped to remote parts of the colony.
Briatin gained control over all of New Brunswick as a result of the Seven Years of War (1756-1763). After being claimed by Britain New Brunswick became part of Nova Scotia in 1763.
In 1783 the Americain loyalists started coming to New Brunswick due to the American Revolution. These people were not all originally British, some of the loyalysts were also Dutch, German and Africian-Americain. The majority of the Africain-Americains in Nova Scotia(New Brunswick is part of Nova Scotia at this time) wre freed slaves. About 14,000 loyalists came to New Brunswick after the Americain Revolution. The loyalists make up a large amount of the English speaking people in New Brunswick.
New Brunswick's current boundaries were established when it became seperate colony from Nova Scotia in 1784. Although, it was oiginally called New Ireland with St.John as the capital.
During the 1800s the Irish and Scotish began setteling in New Brunswick. The Scotish set out to New Brunswick because New Brunswick's geography was similar to the geography of Scotland, their immigration lasted up to the 1900s. During 1815 and 1867, 150,000 Irish immigrants were in St.John, New Brunswick.
Year
Population
1851
1871
1891
193,800
285,594
285,594
During the 1840s Irish settlers came to New Brunswick as a result of the Potato Famine in Ireland. The famine lasted from 1845-1849. The Irish were suffering a period starvation and disease which lead them to leave their country.
New Brunswick along with Nova Scotia, Ontario and Quebec became provinces of the Dominion of Canada. Confederation continbuted to the increase of the French in New Brunswick.
At this time imigrants from Denmark began arriving in New Brunswick, some from the United States and other came directly from Denmark. Danish settlers came to parts of Canada and the United States because of political unrest and religous division in their country. They went to Canada and the US hoping for a better life. The The chart below shows the ethnic orgins of New Brunwickers in 1871. Most settlers in Canada formed their own communities according to ethnicity.
Percent
Ethnicity
35
29
16
14
Irish
English
French
Scotish
Considerable amounts of Jewish settlers came to New Brunswick between the 1890s to about 1914 (the begining of World War I). The Jewish people did not come from a specific country but the immigrants of this time arrived mostly from empires in Eastern Europe.
After the 1800s there was no mass immigrations to New Brunswick for many immigrants began setteling in the West.
In 1901 the French population in New Brunswick increased from 16% in 1871 to 24% in 1901 and 34% in 1931. New Brunswick had a population of 35,000 Europeans and 1,403 First Nations.
Year Population
1911
1931
1951
1971
1991
351,889
408,219
515,697
634,560
723,900
During World War immigration decreased in New Brunswick along with Canada. Many people of all diffrent races, including First Nations went to fight in World War 1.
This was the time of The Great Depression in Canada during this time imigration was restricted throughout the country. Birth rates were also low all over the country.
During World War 2 New Brunswick sholiders were sent to train and fight as in the first World War. Some Jewish immigrants came to New Brunswick but by 1987 most of them left the provinve due to various reasons.
According to the 1996 census New Brunswick's total population was 729,625. Of this 473,260 people reported English as their mother tongue and 239,730 reported French as their mother tongue.
In 2011 65% of the people in New Brunswick reported that their mother tongue was English and 32% of the people reported French. Also 84% of New Brunswickers identified themselves as Christians. The chart below shows the majority of the ethnic orgins of New Brunswickers. The population was 751,171 in 2011.
Percent
Ethnicities
Fact: Between 2011 and 2016 from 751,171 to 747,101.New Brunswick's population has decreased due to people leaving and not as much reproduction.
Canadian
French
English
Irish
Scottish
German
Acadian
First Nations
Dutch
Welsh
57.78%
26.8%
22.96%
18.87%
17.73%
3.82%
3.64%
3.31%
1.86%
1.06%
Since 2016 Syrian refugees are immigrating to Canada including New Brunswick due to the Syrian Civil War. The 2016 population of New Brunswick was 747,101