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What are the Five Stages of Artistic Development in Children?
What are the Five Stages of Artistic Developme...
The Five Stages of Artistic Devlopment in Children, theorized by Viktor Lowenfeld, Professor of Art Education at the University of Pennsylvania, consists these catigories;
1.) Scribble Stage
2.) Pre-Schematic Stage
3.) Schematic Stage
4.) Transitional Stage
5.) Realism Stage
These stages are used to descibe the visual characteristics found in children's art. According to "Developmental Stage" theory, these steps occur in sequential order. Not all children will develop at the same artistic rate, and this is completly normal
Age 2-4
In this stage a child uses drawing tools to make random marks, such as dots and lines onto a drawing surface. The appearence of the work does not concern the child in this stage. Scribbling is enjoyed by children because it allows them to freely move their arms and use their imagination.
Notice the dots and random lines in each example
Notice there is no shapes or symbols of any kind in the examples.
Age 3 to 7
In this stage children begin using representative symbols. The child will usually use circles, squares, and lines to from these symbols. The symbols created change often and have little organization.
Note the symbols and shapes used to represent family and other objects
Notice in these examples the lack of organization, the symbols are scattered and arranged in different directions.
Age 6 to 11
In this stage children replicate symbols for fimiliar objects. These symbols are usually drawn on a base-line and appear flat and stiff. The symbols used are hardly altered unless the child has recived strong motivation to do so. Children in this stage may also use multiple base-lines to add more symbols, this causes the child to produce more complex pieces. If a child does not recive further instruction or practice in this stage they may potentially plateau near the end of this stage.
Notice the use to the base-line,
all of the
symbols are on this line. Also notice the simular shape of the people
and the buildings.
Notice the use of move than one base-line.
This allows symbols to be repeated
and shows
that space and depth is being thought of.
Age 9 or Older
In this stage a child tries to produce art that meets adult standards. Bits and pieces from the schematic stage can be found in the pieces along natural looking elements. The pieces have visual contradictions. The use of a base-line is gone and replaced with a receding ground plane and overlapping begins to take place. Details are taken into more consideration here, such as the use of linear perspective. Some children who reach this stage may plateau here.
Note the natural looking trees with the schematic building.
The building appears to be in one point perspective with a natural looking tree, but the windows and dor on the building are still schematic.
The use of a receding ground plane is very apparent in the field piece. the attention to detail in the field is increasing, but some of the trees fall a bit short of realistic.
The trees appear to be more realistic but the objects at the top of the piece appear to be more schematic.
Age 12 or older
In this stage the child begins producing art work like adult artists. The child has a decent amount of control over the medium, understands the content, and can organize the parts of the piece. The figures are no longer stiff, but natural looking and stylized. There is a good understanding of perspective and space in their work. At this stage the child becomes critical and aware of their ability to create realistic art.
The pieces are starting to look more realitic.
Facial proportions are taken into consideration and layering is heavely used.
The artists seem decently versed in the medium they are using. You can see the use of blending
The pieces are more complex and feature layering along with the use of different materials.
Texture is being used to achive a realitic look, for example the dogs fur.
Viktor was a professor of art at the Pennsylvania State University. His ideas and theories paved the way for many art educators
Born in 1903 in Linz, Austria, Viktor had a passon for the arts. He was involoved with music and painting at a young age which led him to a career in teaching the arts.
Viktor graduated from the College of Applied Arts in Vienna and the Academy of Fine Arts. Later he recived a doctorate in Education from the University of Vienna.
He later joined the Hampton Institute in Virginia as the assistant professor of Industrial Arts, studio art teacher, and Chairmen of the Arts. Much later in his life he became the head of the Department of Art Education. He stayed in this position until his death.
Art Work Photos
“Artsonia Kids Art Museum The Largest Student Art Gallery in the World!” Artsonia Kids Art Museum The Largest Student Art Gallery in the World!, www.artsonia.com/. Accessed 1 Oct. 2017.
Background Photo
“« See more Richeson Wooden Palettes.” 03070-1040 - Richeson Wooden Palettes - BLICK art materials, www.dickblick.com/items/03070-1040/. Accessed 1 Oct. 2017.
Developmetal Stage's Information
“THE FIVE STAGES OF DEVELOPMENT IN CHILDRENS ART.” Art309, my.ilstu.edu/~eostewa/ART309/Five_Stages.htm. Accessed 1 Oct. 2017.
Information on Viktor Lownfeld
“Viktor Lowenfeld.” Wikipedia, Wikimedia Foundation, 25 Sept. 2017, en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Viktor_Lowenfeld. Accessed 1 Oct. 2017.