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Sigmund Freud - Psychopathology of everyday life
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SIGMUND FREUD
Psychopathology of everyday life
The
Interpretation
of Dreams
.
(1899)
Who was Freud
Introduction
to
Psychoanalysis
.
(1916-1917)
Father of psychoanalysis, Freud was an Austrian neurologist who developed a method to unpack unconscious conflicts based on the free associations, dreams and fantasies of the patient. His theories on child sexuality, repressions and unconscious were some of the most influential concepts of the 20th century.
Some of his major works:
Moravia, 1856 - London, 1939
This book gave birth to the so-called “Freudian slip” — the psychological meaning behind the misuse of words in everyday writing and speech and the forgetting of names and words.
- Freud tries to give a concise explanation behind everyday actions.
- He suggested that there was meaning behind even the most meaningless human actions and he believed that all random acts of a person were preconceived in the subconscious without a person's awareness.
- Every once in a while, the suppressed subconscious will find a way out. The resultant act is thus in fact an interference by the subconscious on the conscious.
Psychopathology
of everyday
life
..
(1901-1924)
Complexes
It has become customary to speak of an ideational content of this kind, which is able to influence the reaction to the stimulus-word, as a ‘complex’.
- Freud
Forgetting
He first suggests a random, everyday act and then gives a detailed interpretation of the same, following a three-step patter:
- (1) unknown urge for an individual to forget a name.
- (2) suppression by the subconscious takes place.
- (3) demonstration of the relationship between the
forgetting and the individuals past experience.
Examples
- A person who has formerly invited another, but finally forgot to invite him has certainly no desire to invite.
- A lady once forgot to keep her appointment with her dress maker to try on her bridal gown, the day before the wedding. Why? — because she didn't want to marry.
Forgetting to Carry Out Intended Purpose
Falsification of a name
A lady was unable to recall the name of one of her friends, but only the surname. Analysis showed that her sister had a similar name that she disliked.
Forgetting Due to Repression
The process which should lead to the reproduction of lost names is displaced and brings an incorrect substitute. Sometimes due to some disagreeable experiences a given name is not recalled
Contamination
Any similarity of objects or of word-presentations between two elements of the unconscious material is taken as a cause for the formation of a third, which is a composite or compromise formation
.
- Freud
Mistakes
- Repressed ideas and tendencies remain hidden from the individual, as internal resistance presents an opposing force.
Slip of
pen
Slip of
tongue
The words uttered by mistake according to Freud are the manifestation of a second repressed thought and thus arises outside the train of thought that the speaker intends to express.
- Many people continue to write the date of previous year in January. Sometimes it signifies the discrimination to accept the fact that they are becoming old.
- An old friend wrote a letter to a lady: “I hope you are all well and unhappy” because of his dislike at the thought of her being happy with someone else.
Free will or Determinism?
The suggested intention slumbers in the person concerned until the time for its execution approaches. Then it awakes and excites action.
- Freud
Actions
Misplacing or leaving things here and there is an example of everyday psychopathology. Most of the psychoanalysts have constant experience that patients leave articles on the consultation room and have to return to get them back.
Many accidents occur in similar way. We are more apt to mislay bills rather than checks.
Accident to one’s own persons are very frequently done due to unconscious aggression.