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Global climate change will continue to cause severe impacts to global, regional, and national economies and livelihoods unless action is taken to build the adaptive capacity of communities, increase natural ecosystems’ resilience to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities toward sustainable development.
Video Asia or SEA
The corresponding drop in regional traffic, along with reduced industrial and commercial activity, has led to a significant decline in air-polluting emissions leading to better air quality.
Bicycle riding uses minimal fossil fuels and is a pollution-free mode of transport. Bikes reduce the need to build, service and dispose of cars.
According to transport minister Genter of New Zealand, "cycling is a great way to move more people around towns and cities because it is cheap, it takes less space on the roads, and needs less parking". It also provides moderate exercise, it creates a quiet environment, and contribute to less air or climate pollution.
Building a non-motorized roadway leads/promotes safety to bicycle riders.
Bicycle riding may attract the establishment of business ventures (i.e. bicycles, parts & materials) and may raise economic growth.
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Travel restrictions imposed during the different quarantine measures has caused temporary closure of some business establishments while others to permanently cease to operate resulting to massive lost of jobs
Over 7.3 million jobs were lost in the Philippines as its unemployment rate hits a record high of 17.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).
Air pollution such as gas caused an estimated 27,000 premature deaths/year in the Philippines based on the research of Greenpeace Southeast Asia.
Also, data from DENR have shown that 65% of air pollution in the country is sourced from the vehicles, primarily in Metro Manila.
Cost of health impact of outdoor air pollution in OECD countries was abut USD 1.7 trillion in 2010 of which evidence suggests that road transport accounts for about 50% of this cost (almost USD 1 trillion).
Incongruence of quarantine measures LGU wants vs. IATF issued.
IATF Resolutions on restrictions in choosing on measures to impose (ex. quarantine, stop transport operations)
IATF, as the policy-making body is mainly responsible in implementing policies pertaining to COVID, but none checks the effectiveness/efficiency of policies implemented.
Greatly affected by pollution emitted by industries owned by the rich usually affects the poor, who do not have the means to survive/cope up with the effects.
Whether or not the promotion of the use of bicycles would appeal to the greater public?
Whether or not the building of bike lanes would pass the cost-benefit considerations?
Whether or not building bike lanes is more important than restoring or protecting the pedestrian lanes?
To establish a non-motorized roadway that promotes environmental-friendly and cost-efficient transport system which has health impact.
New Zealand has become the first country to provide funding (Pop-Up Bike Lanes, Widened Sidewalks) During Lockdown to make tactical urbanism into official government policy during the coronavirus pandemic.
Video on rise in Bicycle demand in the Philippines
-Use of scheme (i.e. Incentive) for outdated vehicles as trade-offs.
-PPP agreement between LGUs and private companies to build transportation infrastructures
Imposed taxes to vehicles with high CO2 emissions
Programs/Incentives for Early Adoption EV and alternative clean technology.
Removal of Sales Taxes on clean alternative/non-combustion engine run vehicles
Formation of jeepney cooperatives or incorporation of jeepney operators to participate in the PUVMP.
-Implementation of environmentally sound policies and projects NOW can lead to a more secure future for the planet.
-Engaging to research-based policies (scientific, technology/innovation); provision of funding for such research activities particularly to increase environmental efficiency useful for future policy-making process.
-Focusing on the local autonomy of LGUs, innovations that focused on mitigating effects to the environment - Local SWM, MRF and Local Transport System-eg. Bicycle lane,
ebikes
-Use of bicycles and implementation of bicycle lanes as a healthier and environment friendly alternatives.
-Information drive (IEC) or campaigns for PUV Modernization Program to support environmentally sustainable vehicles (modern jeepneys now being Euro 4).
-Use of reports on the effects of climate change (ice caps melting and sea levels rising - could potentially sink some areas in Metro Manila).
Purchase cost of bicycles
Materials and Labor to establish an urban ecosystem that incorporates Bicycle Friendly Area/Lanes
Maintenance and Operating Cost
Materials and Labor in putting up a battery charging company
Advocacy /EIC Cost
Maintenance and operating cost of the bicycle lane (repair cost, materials ,and salaries of maintenance personnel)
Shade and Temperature Control
Long-term effect-less maintenance costs
Cycling is cheap, it takes less space on the roads, and needs less parking
Focus will be given on pursuing green initiatives for sustainable development
Minimizes injuries to cyclist
Attract the establishment of business ventures (i.e. bicycles, parts & materials) and may raise economic growth.
Physical fitness
It provides moderate exercise, it creates a quiet environment, and contribute to less air or climate pollution.
Mandated to implement environment related PAPs
They are the most affected sector
They are the one that need to be informed.
Commonly, they are in position to enact the reform or policy
Should be dealt cautiously
Constant lobbying/talks with congress to push for transport related policies
Conduct series of consultations
Information campaign on the program
Can give support through budgeting the policy and in enforcement (safety & security) of the policy at the implementation stage.
PUV Modernization efforts:
- Professionalization of Driving for Public Transport - Public transportation course
-Stimulus package for displaced drivers (such as training for alternative work preference-mechanic, welding, manufacturing of e-vehicle)
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RA 7160 Local Government Code
Section 106: Each local government unit shall have a comprehensive multi-sectoral development plan to be initiated by its development council and approved by its Sanggunian.
2012 DPWH Highway Safety Designs Manual, there is a prescribed standard for separating lanes provided for cyclists, especially on heavily trafficked routes. The design highly considered the protection of the cyclist when mixed with faster moving vehicles that may cause hazardous situations.
Republic Act 4136: Road Transportation and Traffic Code of 1964 Section 52 and 54
Republic Act 11292: Seal of Good Local Governance Act
RA 9729 Climate Change Act
National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) was created by NCCC to serve as
roadmap for the Philippines to be adjusted into a Green Economy by 2028. One of the priorities
cited by the Plan is sustainable energy. Under its action plan, inclusion of non-motorized
transport (NMT) in the integrated transport master plan was recommended in land-use and
transportation.
LGUs were mandated to create their own Local Climate Change Adaptation Plan (LCCAP) consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code.
RA 8749 Clean Air Act
Batas Pambansa 344: Enhance Mobility of Disabled Persons Law of 1983
National Transportation Plan Section 7. Responsibilities of LGUs
7.1 Consistent with the principle of local autonomy under the Local Government Code, LGUs shall exercise primary responsibility for the financing, construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of provincial, city, municipal, and barangay transport facilities, including related services, unless such facilities or services are included in Convergence Programs or in a program or project of a national government agency.
Policy to mandate LGUs to incorporate Non-Transport Roadway to Local Development Plans (CLUP, CDP and LCCAP ) and Local Development Investment Plan
Specifically to be included in the guideline
a. Provision of space for bike ways in existing roads
b. Ordinance/resolution strengthening the implementation of existing Philippine laws related to transportation and traffic rules
c. Highly trained traffic enforcers in consideration to bike users
d. Policy formulation of encouraging and providing incentives (if applicable) to various stakeholders patronizing the bike ways
e. Information, Education, Communication of the community
and its various stakeholders
To be included as one of the Indicators in Environmental Management under SGLG
a. Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749)
b. National Transport Policy
c. Incentives, Tax Exemptions for EV, CAP DOE-Energy Efficiency and Conservation Roadmap
1. Within a 1o year preparation plan:
a. provide tax exemptions and incentives to EV and other clean fuel alternatives powered vehicles.
b. gradual increase in gasoline and diesel powered cars for private use.
c. build up facilities for clean powered vehicles.
d. partnership with car manufacturers and dealers for promotions.
2. On the 11th year, first target: private-use cars,
a. ban the sale and importation of gas and diesel powered cars and vans for private use.
b. encourage sale and importation of EV and other clean fuel alternatives powered vehicles for commercial use.
High
Med (Depending on the adoption of LGUs)
Effectiveness
Low (slow/weak implementation)
High
High
Med
Med
Med
Med
HIGH (Consistent with government priorities
Med
From among the 3 policy options, it shows that incremental policy got the highest value. It means that it has met with the set criteria/requirement (e.g. efficiency and feasibility) that aids in policy-making process. As such, the policy entitled "Pedal Power" is recommended which aimed at providing bike lanes infrastructures creating an environmentally- sustainable urban land transport ecosystem.
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