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proposed policy presentation

Your name / Your company

dd/mm/yyyy

Policy Issue

Global climate change will continue to cause severe impacts to global, regional, and national economies and livelihoods unless action is taken to build the adaptive capacity of communities, increase natural ecosystems’ resilience to climate change, and optimize mitigation opportunities toward sustainable development.

Global Effects on lockdown

South East Asia

Video Asia or SEA

ecq effects in the Philippines

Philippines

Market & Government Failure

Market and Government Failure

Externalities

Positive Externalities

The corresponding drop in regional traffic, along with reduced industrial and commercial activity, has led to a significant decline in air-polluting emissions leading to better air quality.

Positive externalities

Bicycle riding uses minimal fossil fuels and is a pollution-free mode of transport. Bikes reduce the need to build, service and dispose of cars.

According to transport minister Genter of New Zealand, "cycling is a great way to move more people around towns and cities because it is cheap, it takes less space on the roads, and needs less parking". It also provides moderate exercise, it creates a quiet environment, and contribute to less air or climate pollution.

Building a non-motorized roadway leads/promotes safety to bicycle riders.

Bicycle riding may attract the establishment of business ventures (i.e. bicycles, parts & materials) and may raise economic growth.

.

Negative Externalities

Travel restrictions imposed during the different quarantine measures has caused temporary closure of some business establishments while others to permanently cease to operate resulting to massive lost of jobs

Over 7.3 million jobs were lost in the Philippines as its unemployment rate hits a record high of 17.7% due to the COVID-19 pandemic, according to Philippine Statistics Authority (PSA).

Negative Externalities

Air pollution such as gas caused an estimated 27,000 premature deaths/year in the Philippines based on the research of Greenpeace Southeast Asia.

Also, data from DENR have shown that 65% of air pollution in the country is sourced from the vehicles, primarily in Metro Manila.

Cost of health impact of outdoor air pollution in OECD countries was abut USD 1.7 trillion in 2010 of which evidence suggests that road transport accounts for about 50% of this cost (almost USD 1 trillion).

gOVERNMENT fAILURE

Government

failure

Government

Failure

Paradox of Voting

Geographic constituencies

Incongruence of quarantine measures LGU wants vs. IATF issued.

IATF Resolutions on restrictions in choosing on measures to impose (ex. quarantine, stop transport operations)

Preference Intensity and Bundling

Effects of limited competition on efficiency

IATF, as the policy-making body is mainly responsible in implementing policies pertaining to COVID, but none checks the effectiveness/efficiency of policies implemented.

Greatly affected by pollution emitted by industries owned by the rich usually affects the poor, who do not have the means to survive/cope up with the effects.

Policy Issue Statement

Whether or not the promotion of the use of bicycles would appeal to the greater public?

Policy Issue Statement

Whether or not the building of bike lanes would pass the cost-benefit considerations?

Whether or not building bike lanes is more important than restoring or protecting the pedestrian lanes?

Policy Objective

To establish a non-motorized roadway that promotes environmental-friendly and cost-efficient transport system which has health impact.

Policy Objective

Title

Framework of Analysis

FRamework of Analysis

Underlying Assumption

New Zealand has become the first country to provide funding (Pop-Up Bike Lanes, Widened Sidewalks) During Lockdown to make tactical urbanism into official government policy during the coronavirus pandemic.

Video on rise in Bicycle demand in the Philippines

Institutional analysis

COASE

-Use of scheme (i.e. Incentive) for outdated vehicles as trade-offs.

-PPP agreement between LGUs and private companies to build transportation infrastructures

pIGOU

Imposed taxes to vehicles with high CO2 emissions

Programs/Incentives for Early Adoption EV and alternative clean technology.

Removal of Sales Taxes on clean alternative/non-combustion engine run vehicles

Ostrom

Formation of jeepney cooperatives or incorporation of jeepney operators to participate in the PUVMP.

North pathway

-Implementation of environmentally sound policies and projects NOW can lead to a more secure future for the planet.

-Engaging to research-based policies (scientific, technology/innovation); provision of funding for such research activities particularly to increase environmental efficiency useful for future policy-making process.

-Focusing on the local autonomy of LGUs, innovations that focused on mitigating effects to the environment - Local SWM, MRF and Local Transport System-eg. Bicycle lane,

ebikes

Thaler

-Use of bicycles and implementation of bicycle lanes as a healthier and environment friendly alternatives.

-Information drive (IEC) or campaigns for PUV Modernization Program to support environmentally sustainable vehicles (modern jeepneys now being Euro 4).

-Use of reports on the effects of climate change (ice caps melting and sea levels rising - could potentially sink some areas in Metro Manila).

COST -Benefit Analysis

CBA

COST

COST

PRIVATE

EXTERNAL

Purchase cost of bicycles

Materials and Labor to establish an urban ecosystem that incorporates Bicycle Friendly Area/Lanes

Maintenance and Operating Cost

Materials and Labor in putting up a battery charging company

Advocacy /EIC Cost

Maintenance and operating cost of the bicycle lane (repair cost, materials ,and salaries of maintenance personnel)

Benefit

Benefits

PRIVATE

EXTERNAL

Shade and Temperature Control

Long-term effect-less maintenance costs

Cycling is cheap, it takes less space on the roads, and needs less parking

Focus will be given on pursuing green initiatives for sustainable development

Minimizes injuries to cyclist

Attract the establishment of business ventures (i.e. bicycles, parts & materials) and may raise economic growth.

Physical fitness

It provides moderate exercise, it creates a quiet environment, and contribute to less air or climate pollution.

Title

Stakeholder Analysis

Stakeholder analysis

stakeholders MAP

STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING SUPPORT OR REDUCING OBSTACLES

High Influence and High Interest

Engage these stakeholders in decision making, implementation and Monitoring and Evaluation

Mandated to implement environment related PAPs

Member of Technical Working Group in Crafting National Guidelines

Provide Technical Assistance to LGUs

They are the most affected sector

STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING SUPPORT OR REDUCING OBSTACLES

High Influence and low Interest

They are the one that need to be informed.

Commonly, they are in position to enact the reform or policy

Should be dealt cautiously

Constant lobbying/talks with congress to push for transport related policies

STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING SUPPORT OR REDUCING OBSTACLES

Low Influence and High Interest

Finance transactions through lending

Can be helpful in the details of the project but with limited influence

Advocate of clean environment

Engage them in implementation

Conduct series of consultations

Information campaign on the program

They will be involved in the production of Bicycles and in Operation of the program

STRATEGIES FOR OBTAINING SUPPORT OR REDUCING OBSTACLES

Low Influence and low Interest

Can give support through budgeting the policy and in enforcement (safety & security) of the policy at the implementation stage.

Policy Options

PoLICY OPTIONS

Status Quo

Policy option 1

PUV Modernization efforts:

- Professionalization of Driving for Public Transport - Public transportation course

-Stimulus package for displaced drivers (such as training for alternative work preference-mechanic, welding, manufacturing of e-vehicle)

Incremental

The policy was aimed at providing a low-cost and environment friendly alternative to existing transportation without contributing to the pollution problem

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Existing Laws

RA 7160 Local Government Code

Section 106: Each local government unit shall have a comprehensive multi-sectoral development plan to be initiated by its development council and approved by its Sanggunian.

2012 DPWH Highway Safety Designs Manual, there is a prescribed standard for separating lanes provided for cyclists, especially on heavily trafficked routes. The design highly considered the protection of the cyclist when mixed with faster moving vehicles that may cause hazardous situations.

Republic Act 4136: Road Transportation and Traffic Code of 1964 Section 52 and 54

Republic Act 11292: Seal of Good Local Governance Act

Existing Laws

RA 9729 Climate Change Act

National Climate Change Action Plan (NCCAP) was created by NCCC to serve as

roadmap for the Philippines to be adjusted into a Green Economy by 2028. One of the priorities

cited by the Plan is sustainable energy. Under its action plan, inclusion of non-motorized

transport (NMT) in the integrated transport master plan was recommended in land-use and

transportation.

LGUs were mandated to create their own Local Climate Change Adaptation Plan (LCCAP) consistent with the provisions of the Local Government Code.

RA 8749 Clean Air Act

Batas Pambansa 344: Enhance Mobility of Disabled Persons Law of 1983

National Transportation Plan Section 7. Responsibilities of LGUs

7.1 Consistent with the principle of local autonomy under the Local Government Code, LGUs shall exercise primary responsibility for the financing, construction, rehabilitation, and maintenance of provincial, city, municipal, and barangay transport facilities, including related services, unless such facilities or services are included in Convergence Programs or in a program or project of a national government agency.

Policy to mandate LGUs to incorporate Non-Transport Roadway to Local Development Plans (CLUP, CDP and LCCAP ) and Local Development Investment Plan

Proposed

Proposed

Specifically to be included in the guideline

a. Provision of space for bike ways in existing roads

b. Ordinance/resolution strengthening the implementation of existing Philippine laws related to transportation and traffic rules

c. Highly trained traffic enforcers in consideration to bike users

d. Policy formulation of encouraging and providing incentives (if applicable) to various stakeholders patronizing the bike ways

e. Information, Education, Communication of the community

and its various stakeholders

Proposed

To be included as one of the Indicators in Environmental Management under SGLG

end of the road for smoke belching vehicle

A. Setting timeline to eventually ban the sale and importation of gasoline and diesel powered cars for private and taxi used.

B. At the onset, Encourage sale & importation of Hybrid, electric powered and clean alternative fuel vehicles by providing tax exemption and benefits for early adoption and use.

C. Gradual increase in renewal fees for combustion engine vehicle used in private to discourage its use.

Rational

Existing laws & regulations

Laws

a. Clean Air Act (Republic Act No. 8749)

b. National Transport Policy

c. Incentives, Tax Exemptions for EV, CAP DOE-Energy Efficiency and Conservation Roadmap

Proposed strategy

Implementing strategy

1. Within a 1o year preparation plan:

a. provide tax exemptions and incentives to EV and other clean fuel alternatives powered vehicles.

b. gradual increase in gasoline and diesel powered cars for private use.

c. build up facilities for clean powered vehicles.

d. partnership with car manufacturers and dealers for promotions.

2. On the 11th year, first target: private-use cars,

a. ban the sale and importation of gas and diesel powered cars and vans for private use.

b. encourage sale and importation of EV and other clean fuel alternatives powered vehicles for commercial use.

Policy Options

Criteria

rational

Incremental

Status Quo

High

Med (Depending on the adoption of LGUs)

Effectiveness

Low (slow/weak implementation)

Policy Options

High (low cost)

MED (entails cost)

Efficiency

Med

High

High

Equity

Med

High

High

Administrative Feasibility

Med

Med

Med

Political Feasibility

HIGH (Consistent with government priorities

High

Med

Med

Total Points

Explanation Policy Option

From among the 3 policy options, it shows that incremental policy got the highest value. It means that it has met with the set criteria/requirement (e.g. efficiency and feasibility) that aids in policy-making process. As such, the policy entitled "Pedal Power" is recommended which aimed at providing bike lanes infrastructures creating an environmentally- sustainable urban land transport ecosystem.

Strategy

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COnclusion

Action Item 1

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Action

Item 1

Action Item 2

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Action

Item 2

Action Item 3

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Action

Item 3

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