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China and Philippines Conflict

(The Spratly Island)

Territorial Dispute

Nikie, Jy and Mark

The Spartly Islands

- The Sea hides bountiful oil and gas reserves in addition to its plentiful fishing stocks.

The Spratly islands dispute is a regional maritime territorial sovereignty dispute which involves six countries in the South China Sea – China, Taiwan, Vietnam, Philippines, Malaysia and Brunei.

China’s historical claim to the islands is weak -however, its strong military intimidation has kept it a key player in the Spratly Islands dispute.s\

The Conflict

Spratly

The Parties

Main Parties: The Republic of the Philippines

and The People’s Republic of China

Taiwan, Malaysia, Vietnam, and Brunei.

The fishermen in the Philippines, Chinese national, US, and UN,

Parties Position

China

Philippines

United States

UN

Fishermen

-Nine-dash line

- The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS). Examines the award of the Tribunal and the post arbitral relations in the South China Sea dispute.

- The United States-Philippine Mutual Peace Treaty implies a role for the United States in addressing this territorial dispute and supporting the Philippines.

- Ph and US Alliance.

- The fishermen wants to continue fishing in the surrounding waters and reef and as their main source of income.

- They want the China's military vessels out.

1956- Philippines claims 33 maritime features in the island.

-Claims to broader entitlements, sovereign rights, or jurisdiction, over maritime areas in the EEZ or continental shelf.

- China wants full control over the natural resources, by building artificial islands in the surrounding water, and other permanent structures for military purposes.

Parties Position

Parties Interests

CHINA

PHILIPPINES

FISHERMEN

USA

UN

- UN wants peace for both parties.

- They don't want war for the both parties.

- Ph want peace, and would like China to listen to their request about no military involvement.

- Ph wants what they owned through legal process.

- US maintains important interests in ensuring freedom of navigation and securing sea lines of communication (SLOCs).

- They want peace for both parties by preventing military escalation.

- China don't want to cooperate in the legal proceeding.

- China doesn't want peace.

- China is treatening people in tering the islands and nearby water.

- They asked help to the Ph government, about China threatening them.

- They want to be heard.

- They want their peaceful living as a fishermen.

Tactics Used

POWER- BASED TACTICS

1. The people in the Philippines and the fisherman's are having rallies.

2. They want the government and the President to take actions about

the dispute.

Tactics Used

RIGHTS- BASED TACTICS

1. On January 2013, the Philippines filed arbitral proceedings against China at Permanent Court of Arbitration in The Hague under United Nations Convention on the Law of the Seas (UNCLOS).

2. Philippines used Rights-based tactics, where they appointed professional (UNCLOS) to reviews the evidence and makes a binding decision of who has the rights to the island. And on 2016 the Permanent Court of Arbitration

at The Hague issued its ruling in favor of the Philippines on every count.

INTEREST- BASED TACTICS

1. The United States served as the mediator between China and Philippines. The United States proactively organize talks between the countries claiming the islands and urge for a peaceful resolution to the dispute, as military intervention will cause more damage to the reefs surrounding the islands.

Conflict Transformation (Culture of Peace)

Power: We don't think that both main parties was able to settle from Imbalance to Equality of culture of peace.

Relationship: We don't think that China seeks common values to the Philippines especially to the fishermen, that could have lead to valuable collaborations to address the issue.

Awareness and Skills: We think that the Philippines tried its best to build awareness to the people about the ongoing dispute of the WPS. They tried to be competent in maintaining to be the best tools for peace possible without having war.

Conflict Transformation

Was a culture of peace enacted or constructed?

1. Yes it was enacted, last 2016 the Philippines president Rodrigo Duterte appointed an official to meet with Chinese governments.

2. The President visited China and meet with other higher Chinese officials, were various of MOUs and agreements were signed.

3. On November 2018, Chinese President Xi-Jinping undertook a State Visit to the Philippines- they discussed how to further enhance economic and functional co-operation in key areas.

4. President Duterte tried to build good relations with China by setting aside the 2016 Arbitral Award. But China continued its assertiveness over the disputed Islands.

Conflict Resolution

What strategies were used?

  • Through the help of the United States and the UN, mediation was used to try to resolve the conflict to guide the parties toward their own resolution.

Strategies could have been used?

  • Reconciliation or Problem-solving could have been used, however, with China not being cooperative, not listening, and just really wanted to belittle Philippines and used military vessels to spread fears.
  • It was deescalated, then it's escalated again.

Smaller countries become very fragile when they fall between a conflict among big powers. Generally, smaller nations follow those with more leverage in terms of their economic dependence and social clout within their countries.

The dispute was escalated and China seize all the fishermen or the Philippine Coast Guard who goes near the islands .

International law obligates the pacific settlement of and offers several methods for resolving territorial sovereignty disputes. However, the Spratly islands dispute poses significant challenges for traditional methods of conflict resolution.

Conclusion

References:

Council on Foreign Relations. (2019, October 22). Territorial disputes in the South China Sea | global conflict tracker. Council on Foreign Relations. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.cfr.org/global-conflict-tracker/conflict/territorial-disputes-south-china-sea

Jazeera, A. (2021, November 18). Philippines tells China to 'Back off' after South China Sea clash. South China Sea News | Al Jazeera. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from https://www.aljazeera.com/news/2021/11/18/philippines-tells-china-to-back-off-after-south-china-sea-clash

Medina, C. P. (2017, February). South China Sea: War on the horizon? Global Challenges. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://globalchallenges.ch/issue/1/legal-victory-for-the-philippines-against-china-a-case-study/

Ng, A. (2021, May 28). The Philippines has dramatically boosted South China Sea patrols, data shows. CNBC. Retrieved April 5, 2022, from https://www.cnbc.com/2021/05/28/philippines-dramatically-boosted-south-china-sea-patrols-data-shows.html

Qamar, M. M. (2022, January 5). Indian Council of World AffairsMd. Mudassir Qamar. China-Philippines South China Sea Dispute, PCA Award and Post-Arbitral Relations. - Indian Council of World Affairs (Government of India). Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.icwa.in/show_content.php?lang=1&level=1&ls_id=6872&lid=4680

Zaka, K. (2020, September 11). A summary of the South China Sea conflict. The Georgia Straight. Retrieved April 4, 2022, from https://www.straight.com/news/khalid-zaka-a-summary-of-south-china-sea-conflict

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