trabajo historia
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What was Humanism?
Was the philosophical and cultural movement that spread trought Europe in the 15th and early 16th centuries
Humanism
Characteristics
Characteristics
They had an antropocentric viewpoint
They had an advanced knowledge
They flet deep curiosoty about the physical and spiritual world
They were inspired by the cultural inheritance of Antiquity
The spread of Humanism
The spread of Humanism
Gutenberg perfected the printing press in around 1440.This meant that each book no longer had to be copied by hand
The academies were cultural centres where the humanists exchanged ideas and knowledge
Universities promoted the study of classical culture
Humanists travelled to meet each other in other ways
New directions in science and art
Astronomy,medicine and physics were the main branches of Renaissance art
Geographical discoveries led to advances in cartography, botany and zoology
ATRONOMY
In 1543 Nicolas Copernicus published On the Revolutions of the Heavenly Spheres his Heliocentric theory
ATRONOMY
MEDICINE
In 1543,the doctor Andreas Vesalius
published On the Structure of the Human Body.Based on direct observation,this book was big step forward in the knowledge of human anatomy
MEDICINE
PHYSICS
The most importan scientist in this field Leonardo da Vinci, who made numerous contributions to hidraulic and aerodinamic mechanics
PHYSICS
The Renaissance
Renaissance art broke with the traditions for the Middle Ages. Its main centre of interest was the human being
The Renaissance
Patrons and artists
The patrons were whealthy noblement and burgers who appreciated the education and the arts.They supported artists and gave
them large sums of money.
Patrons and artists
RENAISSANCE AND REFORMATION
The Quattrocento
The Quattrocento
Architecture
Architecture
Renaissance architect designed both religious and civil buildings,and adapted then to human needs.
Following acient Greek and Roman models,they looked for symmetry and proportion
Filippo Brunelleschi
Scupulture
Scupulture
Sculture ,like architecture,was inspired by clasical forms.It was realistics but idealised.
It often represented the nude human body.Special importances was attached to proportion,beauty and anatomic accurancy.
Lorenzo Ghiberti
Painting
Renaissance painters made some remarkable techincal discoveries.
Their use of linear perspective gave great depht to their paintings.
They achived a sensation of volume by using chiaoscuro
Masaccio
Painting
The High Renaissance
The high Renaissance
The High Renaissance or Quinquecento was a cultural movement of the 16th century.
Under the patronage of Popes,Rome became a key centre of influence
Scupulture
High Renaissance scupulture was large scale and monumental.
Michelangelo Buonarroti was the outstanding sculptor.
David of
Michelangelo
Painting
The leading Renaissance included the following:
Leonardo da Vinci
The Last Supper
The Mona Lisa
(La Gioconda)
Michelangelo
The Sistine Chapel
Michelangelo
Raphael
Maddona of the Goldfinch
The School of Athens
Titian
The Venus of Urbino
Titian
The spread of the Renaissance
The spread of the Renaissance
By:Guillermo Galdón
Spain
The influence of the Italian Renaissance spread beyond Italy,but did not reach all parts of Europe.In Spain,a Renaisance style developed in the 16th century.
Spain
Architecture
There were 3 main styles
Plateresque
Classicist
Herrerian
Architecture
Plateresque
Style of abundant decoration developed in 16th century.
Facade of Salamanca University
Plateresque
Clasicist
In this style ,the harmony of a building was more important than its decoration
The palace of Carlos V
Clasicist
Herrerian
This style became influentian in the second half of the 16th century.Buildings were caractericed by the sobriety and almost total lack of decoration
The Monastery of San Lorenzo de El Escorial
Herrerian
Scupulture
In Spain,there was no attemp to portray ideal beauty,
A famous sculptor was:
Alonso de Berruguete
Scupulture
Painting
El Greco created religious scenes full of drama and movement
His main paintings include The Discorbing of Christ and The Burial of the Count of Orgaz
Painting
The Northern Renaissance
Dutch and Flemish art: In north-west Europe a higly detailed artistic style developed
Germany.Albrecht Dürer adopted a Renaissance art style following his visits to Italy.As well as being a great painter,he was an excelent engraver and draughtsman
Reformation
The Reformation was a religious movement in 16th century Europe.IT grew out of widespread criticism of the Catholic Church
The reformation and Counter-reformation
The causes of the Reformation
The Higher clergy usually came from noble families and lived a life of luxury,which contrasted spiritual ideals
Indulgences were issued by the Pope
Printing meant that more copies of the Bible
The causes of Reformation
The Lutheran Reformation
In 1517,the German monk Martin Luther published The 95 These
Acording to Luther:
People is saved by their Faith
Cristians can reach God directly through prayer
The only sacraments are Baptism and Eucharist
The cult of the Virgin and the saints should be suppressed
The spread of the Reformation
The Reformation spread rapidly through central and northern Europe
In Germany,many noblemen saw an opportunity to rebel against Carlos V
Calvinism had the idea of predestination
in England,King Henry VIII Broke with rome when the Pope refused to grant a divorce from Catherine of Aragon
The Counter-Reformation
Was a reform of movement within the Catholic Church.It was aimed at both improving conditionsin the Church and resisting Protestantism
The Counter-Reformation
The Council of Trent(1545-1563)
It confirmed the autority of the Pope,
It also confirmed the Church´s traditional doctrine
It also reformed some practices.It prohibited the sale of indulgences and established seminaries to train priests
The Religious orders
The Society of Jesus was founded by ignacio de Loyola,and its members(the Jesuits) helped to spread the ideas of the Counter-Reformation
Religious divisions in Europe
The reformation and the Counter-Reformation led to deep divisions in Europe,which was now divided in to 2 religious blocks Protestants and Catholics