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Comparatives & Superlatives

Comparatives

- To compare TWO elements

objects

people

animals

ideas

Spelling Rules:

shorter?

...

more short?

One-syllable adjectives:

add -er ending

hard - harder

strong- stronger

One-syllable adjectives with the pattern

C + V + C:

double the final consonant and add -er ending

hot - hotter

big- bigger

Two-syllable adjectives ending in "y":

change the "y" to "i" and add -er ending

pre.tty - prettier

la.zy- lazier

Two (or more) syllable adjectives:

add the word more before the adjective

use.ful - more useful

a.ma.zing - more amazing

in.cre.di.ble - more incredible

Exceptions:

there are some adjectives which do not follow the rules previously listed

  • good - better
  • bad - worse
  • far - farther / further
  • many / much - more
  • little - less

example sentences:

i

to be or not to be? that is the question

  • Many boys think they are stronger than girls.

  • That cellphone looks better than this one.

  • You are more enthusiastic than her.

  • Marco's house is bigger than his neighbor's.

  • The soup was way tastier than the dessert.

Other ways to compare:

the... the...

as... as

comparative + and + comparative

- To show progressive / continual change (increase/decrease)

form: comparative form adjective / adverb, + and + comparative form adjective / adverb:

  • My sister spends more and more time alone in her room as she grows older.
  • Smoking in the workplace is becoming less and less acceptable.

the ... the

- To describe two actions, one of which comes as a result of the other

form: the + comparative form adjective / adverb, + the + comparative form adjective / adverb:

  • The harder you practice, the better results you will get.
  • The sooner we finish, the earlier we can go.
  • The less you worry about your problems, the more confident you become.

as ... as

- To show equality

1st item + verb + as + base form adjective / adverb + as + 2nd item

  • My job is as important as yours.
  • She can sing as beautifully as her mother.

not as ... as

- To show inequality

1st item + verb negative form + as + base form adjective / adverb + as + 2nd item

  • This machine doesn't work as well as the old one.
  • Jordan isn't as tall as his cousin Hugo.

Superlatives:

- To highlight ONE element from a group of elements of the same kind

objects

people

animals

ideas

Spelling rules:

One-syllable adjectives:

add -est ending

hard - hardest

strong - strongest

One-syllable adjectives with the pattern

C + V + C:

double the final consonant and add -est ending

hot - hottest

big- biggest

Two-syllable adjectives ending in "y":

change the "y" to "i" and add -est ending

pre.tty - prettiest

la.zy- laziest

Two (or more) syllable adjectives:

add the word most before the adjective

use.ful - most useful

a.ma.zing - most amazing

in.cre.di.ble - most incredible

Exceptions:

there are some adjectives which do not follow the rules previously listed

  • good - best
  • bad - worst
  • far - farthest / furthest
  • many / much - most
  • little - least

Example sentences:

item + verb + the + superlative adjective / adverb form + nature of the item + context of the item

  • Lionel Messi is the best soccer player in the world.
  • Suzy is the most intelligent student in her classroom.
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