Robert J. Havighurst
John Santrock
The Stages of Development and Developmental Tasks
Prenatal Period
(from conception to birth)
This period is generally divided into three stages: the germinal stage, the embryonic stage, and the fetal stage.
- It involves tremendous growth- from a single cell to an organism complete with brain and behavioral capabilities
Infancy
(from birth to 18-24 months)
- A time of extreme dependence on adults. Many psychological activities are just beginning - language, symbolic thought, sensorimotor coordination and social learning.
Early Childhood
(end of infancy to 5-6 years)
- These are the preschool years. Young children learn to become more self-sufficient and to care for themselves, develop school readiness skills and spend many hours in play with peers.
Middle and late childhood
(6-11 years of age)
- The fundamental skills of reading, writing and arithmetic are mastered. The child is formally exposed to a larger world and its culture. Achievement becomes a more central theme of the child's world and self-control increases.
Adolescence
(10-12 years of age ending up to 18-22 years of age)
and deepening of the voice.
development of pubic and facial hair,
- Begins with rapid physical changes - dramatic gains in height and weight, changes in body contour, and the development of sexual characteristics such as
Thought is more logical, abstract and idealistic. More time is spent outside of the family.
Pursuit of independence and identity are prominent.
enlargement of the breasts
Early Adulthood
(from late teens or early 20s lasting through 30s)
starting a family and rearing children.
- It is a time of establishing personal and economic independence career development,
selecting a mate, learning to live with someone in an intimate way,
Middle Adulthood
(40-60 years of age)
- It is a time of expanding personal and social involvement and responsibility; of assisting the next generation in becoming competent and mature individuals; and of reaching and maintaining satisfaction in a career.
Late Adulthood
(60s and above)
- It is a time for adjustment to decreasing strength and health, life review, retirement, and adjustment to new social roles.
Learning to distinguish right from wrong and developing a conscience
Learning to take solid foods
Learning to control the elimination of body wastes
Infancy and Early Childhood (0-5)
Acquiring concepts and language to describe social and physical reality
Learning sex differences and sexual modesty
Middle Childhood (6-12)
- Developing conscience and values
- Developing school-related skills such as reading , writing, and counting
- Learning physical skills for playing games
- Establishing mature relationships with peers of both sexes
Adolescence (13-18)
- Establishing emotional independence from parents
- Achieving gender-based social role
- Equipping self with skills needed for productive occupation
learning to live with a partner
Early Adulthood (19-29)
assuming civic responsibility
- Maintaining economic standard of living
- Relating to spouse as a person
Middle Adulthood (30-60)
- Performing civic and social responsibilities
- Adjusting to physiological changes
adjusting to retirement and reduced income
meeting social and civic obligations
establishing satisfactory living quarters
Later Maturity (61+)
adjusting to decreasing strength and health
adjusting to death of spouse
establishing relations with one's own age group
Ma. Raechelle Anne Gabutero
Leader:
Flores, Gloryfe April