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Bose-Einstein Condensate
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Bose-Einstein Condensate
States of Matter
The Fifth State of Matter
The 5th State of Matter
What is it?
Bose-Einstein condensates are a group of bosons (subatomic particles responsible for all physical forces,) that are then cooled to around 0 degrees Kelvin. Those atoms are then identified as a lone particle- a singular entity. However, scientists are now beginning to find new ways to make them, such as using alkali metals, hydrogen and helium.
What is it?
Who discovered it?
German scientist Albert Einstein and Indian scientist Satyendra Nath Bose theorized Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) in 1924.
In 1995, Eric Cornell, Carl Wiemann, and their team applied the theory, cooling 2000 rubidium- 87 atoms to less than 2 billionths of a kelvin, creating Bose-Einstein condensates. They were all awarded the Nobel prize in 2001.
Who discovered it?
Why is it significant?
Having figured out how to create them, we can now use the BECs to explore many body physics and quantum statistical effects with the precision of atomic physics experiments.
Why is it significant?
Applications
Applications
Superconductors, which are materials that are able to have charges pass through them without any resistance, such as the nucleon of a neutron star, cold liquid helium, and photon lasers (this is just a laser, like a pointer laser) are all examples. Other examples of the 5th state of matter are superfluids (a fluid with no viscosity, therefore able to move without losing kinetic energy), such as cold helium (liquid helium).
The Future
The Future
Although mostly unknown, BECs will be important soon, due to the fact that it was only recently produced and there may be a whole world of different possibilities once deemed impossible that are now within reach. However, because BECs are not naturally occurring, there are not an excess of BECs already existing. There are a lot of potential applications for BECs, such as quantum computers.