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WHO IS JOHN WATSON?
"FATHER OF BEHAVIORISM"
- Was born on farm near Greenville, South Carolina.
- He said that “ I was lazy in school, somewhat insubordinate, and so far as I know, I never made above a passing grade.”
- Went to college at Furman University and University of Chicago.
- in 1913, Watson made a great impact on psychology by issuing the manifesto,” Psychology as the Behaviorist Views”.
- In this article he argued that the study of consciousness through introspection has no place in psychology as a science. Psychology should abandon “the term consciousness, mental states, mind, content, introspectively verifiable, imagery and the like.”
- 1961, Watson began research on young children, becoming the first major psychologist to apply principle of learning to be the problems of development.
1916, Watson began research on young children
Watson served as the President of the Southern Society for Philosophy and Psychology in 1915.
In 1913, Watson published the article "Psychology as the Behaviorist Views It"
– Watson was a behaviorist; he said we should study only overt behavior. He also was an environmentalist and made this famous proposal:
"Give me a dozen healthy infants, well-informed, and my own specified world to bring them up in and I’ll guarantee to take any one at random and train him to become any type of specialists I might select— doctor, lawyer, artists, merchant, chief, and yes, even begger-man and thief, regardless of his talents, penchants, tendencies, abilities, vocations, and race of his ancestors."
– One of Watson’s major interests was the conditioning of emotions.
–He claimed that at birth there are only three (3) unlearned emotional reactions –
(1) Fear
– is observed when infants suddenly jump or start, breath rapidly, clutch their hands, close their eyes, fall, and cry.
- There are only two unconditioned stimuli that elicit fear: One is a sudden noise; The other is the loss of support.
Example: A little boy was afraid of snakes because he was frightened by a loud scream when he saw one. The snake became the conditions stimulus.
(2) Rage
- is initially unlearned response to the restriction of body movement.
- Although rage is initially a reaction to one situation- being forcibly held- it later is expressed in a variety of situations; children become angry when told to wash their faces, sit on the toilet, get undressed, take a bath, and so on.
- The child becomes angry when told to get undressed because their order was initially associated with being forcibly held.
(3) Love
- initially a response that is automatically elicited by the stoking of the skin,tickling, gentle rocking and patting.
- The baby responds by smiling, laughing, gurgling, and cooing, and other response that we call affectionate, good natured, and kindly.
-Infants initially do not love specific people, but they are conditioned to do so.