Introducing
Your new presentation assistant.
Refine, enhance, and tailor your content, source relevant images, and edit visuals quicker than ever before.
Trending searches
History of Special Education
10
Caitlin Ahart
Mya Neely
10-9-22
Special Education History
What is special education?
Special education is alternative instruction, support, and services provided for students who have academic, behavioral, health, physical, or other unique needs beyond those met by traditional educational techniques.
Background Informartion
What is an IEP and how do I get one?
IEP
“An IEP, or Individualized Education Program, provides special education and related services to a child with a qualifying disability. IEPs are governed by a federal law called the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act, or IDEA. “
For a child to qualify for an iep one such as a parent, legal guardian teacher, principal, or any other school employee who has information about the child needs to make a referral. If a parent is making the referral it should be written through a letter or an email where they send it to the child’s principal, teacher, School District Exceptional Children’s Director, or to Superintendent instead. The referral needs to state the reason why the child needs help — describe the problems that children are having with school. Also, include if the child has been diagnosed with a disability by someone outside of the school system. Once a referral has been submitted by law, the school has a 90-day timeline to start the process— cannot be extended. The school must have evaluated the child and must hold an IEP meeting that includes the parents to determine if the child is eligible. If the child is eligible for an IEP the school must have written the IEP
IEP in North Carolina
- Get a referral
- Get an evaluation - the child is tested to identify her strengths, weaknesses, and needs
- Eligibility decision - after testing a group including the parent uses the evaluation and information to help determine if the child is eligible for special education
- Development of special education program - individualized education program is developed by a team to set goals and gice structure to special education that will be provided to an eligible child
- Delivery of special education services - the child receives special education and related services as described in IEP
- Annual review– once a year the child’s IEP team reviews and updates the special education program. This continues until the child no longer needs special education or until they graduate from high school
- Reevaluation - every three years each eligible child is evaluated. This helps the IEP team determine if a child still qualifies and if the child still qualifies it helps the team to plan for future education needs
State requirements
1800's
1817: First school for disabled children. The American school for the deaf opened (ASD)
- Pioneered the awareness of allowing people with disabilities to get an education
1832: Perkins Institute for the blind opens
1840: Rhode Island passed a law mandating compulsory education for all children
1857: Columbia institution for the instruction deaf and dumb blind opened its doors in Washington DC
- They offered primary education to children that were blind, inability to speak or hear
1864 the school expanded its mission and its influence when it opened Gallaudet University – the first national deaf-mute college — first started with 13 students
- To date it remains the only college dedicated to the deaf, blind and mute communities
1800's
1900's
The early 1900s: the start of separating students with disabilities into different classrooms when attending public school as well as attending separate schools
- Many schools during this time were built to accommodate children with disabilities but became a place to institutionalize people with disabilities
1922: The council for exceptional children is the first advocacy group for children with disabilities, which ensured each child was treated fairly and had the same opportunities as every other child
Between 1933 and the 1950s parents of disabled children began speaking out
- Parent advocacy groups started to pop up over the country to create awareness of the state of special education gained
1933: Cuyahoga council for retarded citizens were founded and was the first organized group of it’s kind
- First time the cause of special education for disabled children caught attention
1900's
1950's
The 1950s: attitudes changed towards education for children with disabilities continued to transform the value of education where efforts to support individuals with disabling abilities gained increasing awareness
- Even with the change of attitudes and the increase in awareness people were still institutionalized since parents believed the only option for their children was those special schools
1954: ruling was passed that stated students cannot be segregated in schools based on their ethnicity causing the belief that children with disabilities cannot be taught was also challenged. Allowing for the creation of employment opportunities in education as well as having better state institutional conditions — a turning point
- Due to many laws that have been passed excluding children with disabilities only about one out of five people with disabilities had the right to get an education until the 1960s
The 1970s: The education for all handicapped children act was passed and it became mandated that free education was available were available to all students with disabilities.
- The united states court of appeals also ruled that all schools districts have the responsibilities to educate all children within their districts
1990: American with disabilities act came into play to ensure that students with disabilities received employment opportunities and access to public and private services after receiving education
- Changed the name of the education for all handicapped children act to the individuals with disabilities education act (IDEA) due to the U.S congress recognized the importance of language
- The change of name help reflect “individual first language where the individuals of the students come first above the disability
- Cause a gradual mindset shift within the society of accepting people with disabilities and giving them recognition/respect as a fellow human begin
1997: The rights of students with disabilities were revised when IDEA was reauthorized to ensure equal rights to quality education and outcomes and just free education
1970's-1990's
Children must be aged between 3 - 21 and fall into one of 14 disability categories. If they fit into one of the 14 categories the child must also meet two additional requirements that are the same for all categories
Universal requirements: Disability must have an adverse effect on educational performance// the child must require specially designed instruction
14 disability categories:
- Autism spectrum disorder
- Deafblindness
- Deafness
- Developmental delay
- Emotional disability
- Hearing impairment
- Intellectual disability
- Multiple disabilities
- Orthopedic impairment
- Other health impairment
- Specific
Who is covered by the IDEA?
2000's
2002: No child left behind act
- Signed by President George W. Bush, law stated that students should be proficient in math and science by 2014
2004: IDEA again reauthorized to better align with the 2001 general education of no child left behind act, which aimed to narrow the achievement gap among all children via accountability, flexibility, and choice.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3heXNBciKrM
2000's
2021
21st century: sees the increasing numbers of students with disabilities graduating from high school at an international level
- There's still a stigma that people with disabilities can’t live a fully functioning life because of their disability.
"In 2020–21, the number of students ages 3–21 who received special education services under the Individuals with Disabilities Education Act (IDEA) was 7.2 million, or 15 percent of all public school students. Among students receiving special education services, the most common category of disability was specific learning disabilities (33 percent)."
2021's
Percentage of students with disabilities
Questions
Do you think students with special needs benefit from being in a classroom with nonspecial ed children?
-"It depends on the average education classroom and the severity of the childs disability. If the child is nonverbal or in a wheelchair then it could disrupt the learning of the average education students."
Are there any changes you can think of to change the curriculum for special ed. children to help them?
-"Yes, that is the reasoning behind the IEP, modifying length and content depending on the specific needs of those children."
Questions from teachers
Sources
https://napacenter.org/whats-so-special-about-special-education/
https://www.thoughtco.com/assessing-students-with-special-needs-3110248#:~:text=Assessing%20Students%20With%20Special%20Needs%201%20Presentation%20A,...%205%20Performance%20Task%20...%206%20Self-Assessment%20
https://thenewageparents.com/history-of-special-needs-education/#:~:text=Approximately%20a%20century%20ago%2C%20a%20child%20with%20disabilities,did%20receive%20education%2C%20these%20children%20attended%20separate%20schools.
https://www.preceden.com/timelines/326448-history-of-special-education
https://law.duke.edu/childedlaw/docs/Parents'_guide.pdf
https://disabilityrightsnc.org/resources/iep-referral-process/#:~:text=The%20school%20must%20have%20evaluated,must%20have%20written%20the%20IEP.