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Effects of concentration

Chemistry Mind Map

Emma Zoboková | MYP 5 | 04.06.2020

Effects of temperature

Chemical

Kinetics

Photochemical reactions

Effects of surface area

Effects of catalysts

Rates of reaction

Rates of reaction

What is it?

What is it?

A measure of the change of reactants in a reaction into products of the reaction per a single unit of time

How can it be measured?

How can it be measured?

1. By measuring how quickly reactants decrease

How can it be measured?

2. By measuring how quickly products increase

How can it be measured?

3. By measuring the volume of the product produced over time (gases)

How does the rate change?

How does the rate change?

The rate is greatest at the start, but decreases as the reaction proceeds

How does the rate change?

The reaction is over when the curve is flat

Collision theory

Collision theory

1. The particles must collide with one another in order to react

Collision theory

2. The particles must have enough energy and speed to break and form new bonds when they collide --> activation energy

Activation energy

The minimum energy required for a reaction to occur --> differs among reactions

Collision theory

3. The particles must have the right orientation and collide at the right angle

Collision theory

4. A collision that results in a reaction is an effective/successful collision

Effects of concentration

What is concentration?

What is it?

Concentration describes the amount of particles within a solution or mixture

How does it work?

How does it work?

The greater the concentration, the greater the amount of particles that can collide with one another --> greater rate of successful collisions

Effects of temperature

What is temperature?

What is it?

Temperature is the average kinetic energy of particles determining how fast they move

How does it work?

How does it work?

The greater the temperature, the greater the likelihood that the particles will collide and overcome the activation barrier --> greater rate of successful collisions

Effects of surface area

What is surface area?

What is it?

Surface area describes the total exposed surface of a solid reactant which can react with the particles in the solution/gas

How does it work?

How does it work?

The greater the surface area exposed, the greater the amount of particles on the surface able to collide with particles within the gas/solution --> greater rate of successful collisions

Effects of catalysts

What are catalysts?

What are they?

Catalysts are substances which speed-up (specific) chemical reactions, but remain chemically unchanged throughout the reaction (don't get used up)

How do they work?

How do they work?

Catalysts provide an alternative pathway with a lower activation energy barrier that the particles need to cross to collide successfully --> greater rate of successful collisions

Photochemical reactions

Photochemistry

What is it?

A branch of chemistry that deals with the effects of radiant energy on chemical reactions and corresponding mechanisms

Photochemical reactions

What are they?

Chemical reactions which obtain energy from light

How do they work?

1. The rate of a photochemical reaction can be controlled by varying intensity of radiation

Sources of radiation

Most common sources: X-rays, gamma rays, high-pressure mercury lamps

Infrared and microwaves don't produce photochemical effects

How do they work?

2. Photochemical reactions usually occur at high temperatures

Photosynthesis

What is it?

The reaction between carbon dioxide and water in the presence of chlorophyll and sunlight to produce glucose and oxygen

How does it work?

1. Carbon dioxide enters plant leaves through the stomata

How does it work?

2. Chlorophyll catalyzes the reaction

How does it work?

3. The water is obtained from the soil via plant roots

How does it work?

4. Sunlight provides energy for the endothermic reaction

How does it work?

5. Glucose is then used by the plant for energy, to build cellulose or growth in general

Film photography

What is it?

A redox reaction between grains of silver bromide and sunlight

How does it work?

1. The light entering through the shutter decomposes the silver bromide on the film

How does it work?

2. The film is developed as unreacted silver bromide is washed away

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