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THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRONICS CODE BOOK 1 (VOLUME 2: BUILDING TELEPHONE FACILITIES) and PHILIPPINES ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK 2 (FIRE DETECTION ALARM SYSTEM)
4,421
GROUP 7
PHILIPPINES ELECTRONIC CODE BOOK 2 (FIRE DETECTION ALARM SYSTEM)
THE PHILIPPINE ELECTRONICS CODE BOOK 1 (TELECOMMUNICATIONS FACILITIES DISTRIBUTION SYSTEM)
ESCALANTE, Marc Christian L.
ESPIRITU, Jerevy V.
RAMOS, Sandrex-Gio Q.
ITORMA, Janelle A.
YOGYOG, Lainette D.
Service Entrance
Service entrance – is defined as wires or cable entering the building, terminated to the main cross connecting point within the building from the nearest telephone facility.
Types of Service Entrance
I. Aerial entrance
– means of providing
-Recommended initial conduit should be capable of handling the ultimate telephone requirements of the building
- Generally, the maximum span from telephone pole to a building should be 30m
-Minimum recommended separation:
1. Minimum clearance between telephone cable and power entrance must be 1.0m radial distance
2. Minimum clearance from ground level when crossing the street must be 5.5m
3. Minimum clearance over areas accessible to pedestrians only, must be 3.5m
II. Underground service entrance
– provide mechanical protection and minimize the need for possible subsequent repairs to the property
- Corrosion-resistant material/PVC duct.
- Should not include more than 2-90 degrees bends.
- Metallic conduit – to be reamed, bushed and/or capped
- Minimum depth – 600mm under areas used for vehicular traffic inside private property
- Conduits placed on private property must not terminated in joint-use manholes with electrical cables
- Conduits should be separated from power conduits by not less than:
- 300 mm in well-tamped earth
- 50 mm concrete (17,237.5 kPA)
- The size of underground entrance conduit within the building shall be the same size as the service conduit outside the building and in no case smaller than 75 mm in diameter when the service entrance does not require use of a service box or when installation requires placement of conduit between the service box and curb line (toward the company manhole or pole)
Handholes
When to Use Handholes?
- For entrance cable NOT EXCEEDING 50 pairs (0.65 mm in diameter)
- For pull through or straight run entrance cable
- Minimum size of Handholes:
- For vehicular (meter) – 0.61 x 0.91 x 0.91
- For non-vehicular (meter) – 0.61 x 0.91 x 0.73
When to Use Service Box?
- For entrance cable ABOVE 50 pairs (0.65 mm in diameter)
- Minimum size Service Boxes
- For vehicular – 0.19 x 1.23 x 1.21
- For non-vehicular – 0.91 x 1.22 x 1.19
NOTE: Minimum size of entrance conduit = 50 mm diameter; Minimum number of entrance conduits = 2
Service Box
Types of Service Entrance
III. Main terminals
– may either be place in an indoor type DP or a cross-connect point within the building. It is a point where cable from TELCO and the in-building distribution system are terminated.
Requirements:
1. Location should be dry and located as close as possible to the central point of the riser cable distribution facilities.
2. Location should be equipped with adequate lighting, and located 2.6m (min.) above floor finish.
3. Location should be accessible to be authorized company personnel even during off hours and under lock and key or the terminations under lockable cover.
4. Location should have enough working space in front of all terminations. Normally 900 mm and away from all hazards.
5. Location should be closely protected in areas where possible physical damage may arise.
6. Provide with a 12 mm diameter non-metallic conduit to an approved ground connection, to house the 14 mm^2 (4.2 mm diameter) ground wire.
Types of Main Terminals
A. Main Telephone Terminal Cabinet (MTTC) – required for terminating entrance cables using one or more terminal blocks
Blackboard color Terminals to be terminated
White Entrance
Yellow House / Riser
Blue Other special services (data, computer)
B. Main Distributing Frame (MDF) – generally recommended when entrance cable requirements will exceed 300 pairs
Riser System
Riser System is defined as the vertical and horizontal distribution of telephone communication lines between two or more floors or adjoining premises on the same floor of a building generally originating at or near the cabinet up to the Telephone Terminal or outlet.
Open Riser
Open Riser
What is Open Riser?
usually extends from the ground to the roof top of the building with no floor separation similar to a ventilating shaft.
Telephone Cable
Telephone cable is not permitted in unless placed in metallic conduit
Closed Riser
Closed Riser
What is Closed Riser?
consists of a series of telephone terminal cabinets/closets vertically or non-vertically aligned, usually beginning at the ground floor and extending throughout the height of the building.
Cabinets/Closets
The cabinets/closets may be interconnected through the floors with the use of a slots, conduits and pipe sleeves.
Types of Distribution System
a. Conduit system – provides concealment of the wires with the least flexibility
b. Under floor duct system – comprise of two components, distribution ducts and feeder (header) ducts. Depending on the floor structure, they may be designed into a one or two-level system
c. Ceiling system – serves the same floor where the cables (wires) are placed within the ceiling and brought down to desk locations
Types of Distribution System
d. Cellular floor system – comprise of two distinct components, distribution cells and feeder (header) ducts. Depending on the floor structure, the distribution cells may be constructed of steel or concrete.
e. Unlimited access (raised floor) – is a floor assembly elevated with respect to an existing area providing unlimited accessible space under the floor. This has been used for computer rooms and office space.
Cabinet
is typically a box-type made of steel or fiber glass usually prefabricated in standard sizes with cover and knockout holes, for in-building telephone distribution. It is either flush of surface mounted
Closet
is a room or shallow enclosure which normally enclosed by a door (or a series of doors in the case of a shallow closet)
Two Basic Types of Closet
1. Shallow Closet – which varies from 460 to 760 mm in depth
2. Walk-in Closet – which is 1200 mm or more in depth
Two Basic Types of Closet
Chapter 1: Scope and Fundamentals
1.1
1.1 Scope
The code discusses the design and application, invitation, maintenance, testing, and inspection of fire detection and alarm system. Fire suppression systems are not covered in the code.
1.2
1.2 Purpose
The code defines the means of signal initiation, transmission, notification, annunciation, emergency two-way communication, and emergency voice evacuation in a fire detection and alarm system
It also establishes the minimum require levels of performance and quality of installation of fire detection and alarm systems.
1.3 Applications
Automatic fire detection and alarm systems shall comply with the general requirements, the design requirements, and the installation requirements of this code.
1.3
Definition of Terms:
1. Addressable Device
– A fire detection and alarm systems component that can be individually identified of its status or used to individually control other functions
2. Annunciator
– An FDAS component containing lamps or alphanumeric display in which each indication provides status information
3. Conventional Device
- An FDAS component, such as a smoke detector, heat detector, or manual fire alarm station, that does not have and electromechanical or software address that gives it a discrete identity
**Shall – indicates a mandatory requirement
**Should – Indicates a recommendation, but not required
Definition of Terms
1. 4 General Requirements
1.4
As required by this code and the relevant provision of RA 9514:
All buildings, facilities, houses, structures, and premises, except those stated in Clause 1.6.1, shall have FDAS that complies with the requirements of this code. The fire detection and alarm system shall be for the protection of life or property, or both, by detecting and notifying the existence of fire, smoke, heat, or other emergencies that impact and affect the protected premises.
The FDAS shall have one or more of the following functions:
• Automatic detection, and manual fire alarm signal initiation
• Activation of fire alarm notification appliances
• Emergency communications system
• Activation of annunciators
• Monitoring of abnormal conditions in fire suppression system
• Activation of fire safety functions
• Transmission of alarm signal to an off premises Central Station
1.5 Use of Battery-Operated Smoke/Heat Detectors
1.5
Buildings, facilities, or premises that are not record and refer of fire protection code, more than 400 sq. m. in total floor area, nor more than two floors, and with a height of not more than 10m may choose not to install a FDAS. However, in its place, battery-operated, stand-alone detectors shall be installed. Each battery-operated detector shall cover a floor are of not more than 50 sq. m. Thus, buildings that exceeded the above size specifications are not allowed to use battery-operated detectors as a substitute of wired detectors in the FDAS.
1.6 Areas Where Detection is Required
1.6
• Spaces under floor more than 600 mm in height
• Space above drop ceiling more than 1 meter in height
• Concealed spaces under the roof more than 1 meter in height
• Stairwells
• Return air ducts of air conditioning system
• Tunnels linking two or more buildings
• Vaults
• Vertical shafts
1.7 Areas where detection is not required
1.7
• Toilet and or bathroom less than 4 sq. m.
• Exhaust ducts from toilets/ bathrooms
• Any walk-in type enclosure with a floor area not more than 1 sq. m
• The spaces under raised floor with a height of 250 mm or less
• The spaces above drop ceiling with a height of 1 meter or less
• Concealed spaces under the roof with a height if 1 meter or less
• Covered paths
• Areas under structures such as platforms and ducts
All installed FDAS should subscribe to the alarm monitoring services of a central station. All alarm signals received by the monitoring central station shall be forwarded or redirected to firefighting authorities.
1.8 Central Station Alarm Monitoring
1.8
Chapter 2: Design Requirements
2.1
2. 1 General Design Requirement
The purpose of a fire detection and alarm system is to detect fire at the earliest stage, and to give an alarm to alert the occupants so that appropriate action can be taken. Individual components shall be compatible with each other and shall be approved and listed by institutions recognized by the relevant authority and suitable for use in the Philippines. Detector selection shall be based on actual site conditions, site requirements, and ambient conditions. The detectors shall be located with at least a 1-meter radial distance to air blowers or air diffusers.
- Individual components shall be compatible with each other and shall be approved and listed by institutions recognized by the relevant authority.
2.2
2.2 Personnel Qualifications
FDAS designer shall have the following qualifications:
1. A registered Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE)
2. Experienced in the proper design, application, installation, and testing of FDAS as certified by IECEP
The system designer shall develop plans and specifications in accordance with this Code and shall be identified in these system design documents as the Electronics System Designer.
2.3 Single Panel Vs. Network of Panels
2.3
Each building shall have one fire alarm control panel (FACP). However, two or more panels networked together shall be required in the following instances:
1) If the number of buildings in a multi-building complex exceeds three, or;
2) If the total floor area of all the buildings in a multi-building complex exceeds 40,000 sq. m.
The FACP should be located ideally in a position clearly visible from the main entrance lobby or in the fire command center of the building.
2.4 Conventional versus Addressable
2.4
If the total floor area more 8000 sq. m, a semi-addressable, or addressable system shall be used otherwise, a conventional system may be used.
2.5 Automatic Detection
Automatic detection shall have a complete indoor coverage of the building or facilities including all rooms, halls, etc.
2.5
a. Smoke detectors: For smoke detectors, the performance characteristics of the detector and the area shall be considered when selecting smoke detectors. Smoke detectors shall not be installed in rooms with temperature below 5°C, above 45°C, and with relative humidity above 93%.
b. Heat Detectors: For heat detectors, temperature rating shall be set at least 11°C above maximum expected temperature and is spaced not more than 7.5m. it shall not be installed in locations where relative humidity is above 93% and if the ceiling height is more than 4 meters.
c. Bean-Type Smoke Detector: Beam-type smoke detector shall be used if ceilings are more than 6m in height and shall always be kept clear of opaque obstacles.
d. Duct-Smoke Detectors: Duct-smoke detectors shall be equipped in the air duct of all air handling units for centralized air-conditioning system. It shall be listed for use with air velocity, temperature, and humidity expected in the duct.
e. Flame Detectors: For Flame detectors, selection shall be based on the matching of spectral response of the detector to the spectral emissions of the fire to be detected to avoid nuisance alarms.
f. Carbon Monoxide Detector: Carbon monoxide detector shall be installed for dwelling units with attached garages and for units with a permanently-installed fuel-burning appliance. It shall not be installed for open parking garages and mechanically ventilated garages.
2.6 Manual Detection
It is achieved through the manual activation of fire push or pull stations installed at a height of 1.4 m above floor and shall be easily seen and is accessible. It is usually colored red. Manual fire alarm stations shall be located within 1.2m of each exit door on each floor. Additional fire alarm stations shall not be more than 30m from each other, measured horizontally on the same floor.
- It is achieved through the manual activation of fire push or pull stations installed at a height of 1.4 m above floor and shall be easily seen and is accessible. It is usually colored red.
2.6
2.7 Notification Appliances
2.7
Alarm shall be clearly audible throughout the floor and/or building where they are installed. It shall have a minimum of 65 dbA or 10 db higher than ambient room noise and a maximum of 115 dbA. In sleeping areas where audible notification is required, sound level shall be 15 dB above the average sound level, or 5 dB above the maximum level, or a maximum of 75 dBA whichever is greater measured at pillow level using A weighted scale. Visual notification shall be used along with audible notification for areas where hearing protection is worn.
2.8 Central Station Alarm Monitoring
A one-way emergency communication sub-system shall be required for the following facilities
1. Airports
2. Seaports
3. Transportation terminals
4. Shopping malls
5. Hotels
6. Office buildings
7. Residential buildings or condominiums with floor area more than 25,000 sq. m or with more than 25 floors
8. Buildings with floor area greater than 15,000 sq. m or with more than 15 floors
2.8
2.9 Two-way Telephone Communication Sub-System
Two-way telephone communication sub-system shall be required for conventional system with FACP of more than 10 zones and for addressable and semi-addressable system with more than 200 automatic detectors.
The primary display of fire point/zone annunciation shall be at the FACP of Fire Command Center. An LCD display can be used as a secondary display that annunciates the exact information shown on primary display. Room light indicator or annunciator are used in semi-addressable system that are installed in residential, hotels, etc. to indicate the actuation of the detectors inside the room or unit.
2.9 - 2.10
2.10 Fire Zone Annunciation
2.12 Power Supply
2.13 False Alarm
2.11 Monitoring and Control of Other Equipment System
The primary power supply to the entire system shall be normally direct 220 – 240 VAC single phase. Its operating voltage shall not be more than VDC.
The capacity of the secondary power supply shall operate for a minimum of 24 hours. Changeover form primary to secondary or vice-versa shall be automatic.
System designers shall comply with the design requirements under Chapter 2. Any adjustments shall subject to the approval of the PRC.
The owner of protected structures shall be responsible to prevent false alarms. Any alarm at the FACP shall be treated as a fire until proven to be a false alarm.
Each sprinkler flow switch, fire pump, jockey pump, and gas suppression panel shall be monitored by the FACP as one distinct alarm point or zone. In the event of fire, each pressurization fan, exhaust or ventilating fan, smoke damper, air handling unit (AHU), and elevator shall be controlled by the FACP as one distinct output point or zone. Each elevator will be automatically go to the ground floor and all the security doors will unlock in the event of fire.
2.11- 2.13
Chapter 3: Installation Requirements
3.1
3. 1 General Installation Requirements
Installation of FDAS shall comply with the requirements of the Philippine electrical code and of Chapter 3.3 to 3.8 and the Revised Fire Code of the Philippines 2008 and its implementing rules and regulation.
3.2
3. 2 Personnel Qualifications
Installation of FDAS shall be done by a qualified person or by installers under the supervision of a qualified personnel. A person qualified to install FDAS shall have the qualifications:
1. A registered Professional Electronics Engineer (PECE) or Electronics Engineer (ECE)
2. Experienced in the proper installation, maintenance and testing of the FSAS as certified by IECEP
3.3
3.3 Wires and Cables
All wires and cables shall be protected in a conduit pipe or flexible conduit or enclosed cable duct/tray/ladder or other raceways that provide protection against mechanical damage, corrosion, and fire.
The minimum wire gauge shall be 0.9 sq. mm.
3.4
3.4 Wire Gauge
All wires and cables used shall have sufficient wire gauge to handle the maximum possible loading of the circuit.
The minimum wire gauge shall be 0.9 sq. mm.
3.5
3.5 Conduit Pipe, Flexible Conduit, Cable Tray, Cable Ladder, & Other Raceways
Conduit pipe (PVC) embedded in concrete containing FDAS wiring shall be made of metal of Polyvinyl chloride. All cable ducts/trays/ladders or other raceways containing FDAS wiring shall be made of metal. Metal conduit pipe shall be either intermediate metal conduit (IMC) or electrical metallic tubing (EMT) or rigid steel conduit (RSC). Used 75mm red color band for the minimum requirement and used 2 wraps every 3 meters.
3.6 Mounting of Devices and Panels
3.7 Splices, Terminations and Joints
3.6 - 3.7
At major junctions in the system like terminal cabinets, vertical riser cabinets, or cabinets housing FDAS modules, terminal blocks shall be used to interconnect wires and cables in a clean and orderly manner, these cabinets must be located in a well ventilated with ambient temperature not exceeding 35℃.
All equipment, devices and panels shall be installed securely and independently, and shall in no way be dependent on the wiring for mounting or hanging them in place. The front of the FACP shall have free space with a depth of at least 1 meter and a width of at least 1.5 times its width.
3.8 Radio Frequency Interference and Electromagnetic Interference
3.8
All FDAS equipment, especially automatic detectors, shall be resistant to radio frequency interference to prevent false alarms, and must not be located in places with high levels of electromagnetic interference to prevent damage and false alarms.
3.9 System Testing
The FDAS shall be subjected to the following test conforming to applicable standards:
1. Testing the insulation resistance and continuity of wires
2. Verification of installed devices
3. Operation and response of FDAS
4. Testing the operation of initiating devices
5. Measuring sound pressure level generated by notification devices
3.9 - 3.10
3.10 Final Acceptance Testing
Final test shall be done on the whole system. Test parameters shall be based on applicable standards and requirements of the project.
3.11 As-Built Drawings
As-built drawings of the complete installation including all floor plans and a single line diagram of the system shall be provided to the user before final inspection by the Bureau of Fire Department, and this copy shall be on hand at the Fire Command Center or near the FACP at all times.
3.11- 3.12
3.12 Operation Maintenance Manual
Operation and Maintenance manuals of the equipment as well as As-built in drawings shall be provided to the user before final inspection by the Bureau of Fire Department. A copy shall always be on hand at the Fire Command Center or near the FACP.
Chapter 4: Maintenance, Testing, and Inspection
4.1
4.1 General
The owner of a protected building shall enter into a maintenance contract with the manufacturer, or distributor, or a competent contractor to do regular maintenance of the installation. The following operating buttons should be prominently provided at the FACP: ACKNOWLEDGE, SIGNAL SILENCE, SYSTEM RESET and EVACUATE.
4.2
4.2 Personnel Qualifications
A competent person shall supervise and handle all matters concerning FDAS. He/she shall be capable of reading and interpreting all signals displayed information correctly and take the appropriate actions. He/she shall be trained for FDAS maintenance and testing, as certified by the manufacturer, to do inspection, maintenance, repair, and testing of the system. The personnel who are factory trained for FDAS maintenance and testing (as certified by the manufacturer) do the inspection, maintenance, repair, and testing of the system is also qualified.
4.3
4.3 Records
Every system shall keep the following documentation:
1. A complete set of operation and maintenance manuals of the manufacturer covering all equipment used in the system.
2. A complete set of as-built drawings
3. A written sequence of operation
4. Dully filled out Record of Completion
5. Log record book
4.4
4.4 Testing
The owner of the protected building shall be responsible in ensuring that the installation is tested according to the requirements of this Clauses 4.3.1 to 4.3.4. The results should be recorded in the log records.
On a daily basis, the responsible person shall look at the panel to confirm that the system is in normal surveillance mode. If any troubles were observed, steps should be taken to immediately correct these by informing the organization responsible for servicing the system, the observations made shall be entered into the log record.
On a monthly basis:
1) Simulate one fire and one trouble condition in every alarm zone of the system
2) Check batteries and ensure that they are in good condition
3) Check the function of all lamps on the panel
4) Check the operation of all notification appliances
5) Simulate both the failure and resumption of primary power to check if secondary power is working normally
6) Check and ensure that all panels, annunciators, and printers, if any, are clean and visible
7) Take corrective measures if abnormalities were observed in performing 1 to 6
8) All actions done and any trouble(s)/corrective works shall be entered into the log record.
On an annual basis:
1) The maintenance personnel should randomly check the operation of at least 25% of all detectors in the system each year. All detectors should be tested at least once every 4 years.
2) Conventional smoke detectors shall be cleaned at least once a year. Addressable smoke detector shall be cleaned upon indication in the panel for the need to clean particular detector.
3) Take corrective measures if abnormalities were observed in performing 1 and 2.
4) All actions done and any trouble(s)/corrective works shall be entered into the log record.
On a daily basis, the responsible person shall look at the panel to confirm that the system is in normal surveillance mode. If any troubles were observed, steps should be taken to immediately correct these by informing the organization responsible for servicing the system, the observations made shall be entered into the log record.
4.5
4. 5 AHJ Annual Inspection
After the first year of the initial acceptance, the installation shall be inspected by the AHJ. Prior to this inspection, the system shall be tested and certified by personnel with the following qualification:
• Registered Professional Electronics Engineer or Electronics Engineer
• Experienced in the proper installation and testing of FDAS and is certified by IECEP