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History of Phonics

Amber Diaz / GCU/500

Phonics

What is Phonics?

Phonics is a method of teaching reading and writing that teaches students to identify the relationship between different phonemes and there sounds to represent a spelling pattern.

* What is an example of phonics?

Brain Research

1990-2000's: Brain research was conducted using MRI's that showed that we read words sound by sound. Also that their is changes in the brain and reading improvement when struggling readers are taught to use the phonics method.

copied from life science magazine

1826

Elocution Era

During this time teachers used the whole word method to teach reading. A large focus of teaching was reading for meaning.

* Unlike synthetic phonics the whole word method requires students to recognize the whole word instead of breaking it apart.

Can you think of a time when you would teach the whole word method?

1655

Synthetic Phonics

1655: Pascal invents Synthetic Phonics

* Synthetic phonics is the ability to take letters and turn them into sounds by blending them together.

Ex: /c/a/t/

1783: Noah Webster used Synthetic Phonics to teach reading in his American Spelling Book

* Does your school use a spelling progam?

1642

The Beginning

1642- a law was passed requiring all parents and guardians to teach their children to read. ( Guzzetti,2002 pg 224.)

The books were called horn books tha contained the alphabet and a bible verse.

1893

The Debate Phonics vs Whole Word

*1980's-1900's: The whole word method is being taught more frequently and takes on the name Whole Language.

* In the 1895 and 1896 Joseph Rice gave a spelling test to 33,000 students throughout the United States. The results of the study concluded that students who were taught using phonics had the best results

* In 1993 40 professors from Massachusetts with a background in Linguistics write a letter in protest to whole language to the State Commissioner of Education.

1978

Vygotsky Framework

Children from birth use the people and culture around them to develop their reading, writing, and speaking acquisition. The sociocultural foundations of reading and writing are individual development, semiotic mediation in human development, and genetic analysis (John-Steiner & Mahn, 1996). The sociocultural foundation is based on a framework that Vygotsky created around student learning and development. Vygotsky (1978) understood that children need early literacy experiences to enhance the acquisition process.

1990

Brain Research

1990-2000's: Brain research was conducted using MRI's that showed that we read words sound by sound. Also that their is changes in the brain and reading improvement when struggling readers are taught to use the phonics method.

copied from life science magazine

NO Child Left Behind Act

2001

In 2001 the No Child Left Behind Act was passed mandating phonics instruction.

The influence of Phonics

Influence

Phonics has had a great impact over time on the way we teach.

Since the year 1990 101 bills requiring or encouraging the implimantation of phonics have been introduced to state legislation with 28 bills being passed.

Importance of Reading and Writing Instruction

Importance

-When teachers help students read and write about what they are studying the learning opportunities grow.

- If an individual struggles with reading and writing they will communicate though listening, viewing, and speaking. Once they gain reading and writing proficiency their opportunities grow tremendously. (Moore ,et al.2010)

Today

Things to Think About

- As educators it is important to incorporate students’ views, background knowledge, and current knowledge in their literacy acquisition process. (Hiebert 1991. P.3).

- It is important to remember that reading and writing do not take place separately on their own it is through a collaboration and interactions within their community. (Zebroski,1196)

- There are two cognitive components that are needed for a child to read which are decoding and language comprehension.

- Cognitive factors for writing include working memory, vocabulary knowledge, and reading skills.

Importance of Phonics Instruction

Discussion

After listening to this presentation why is phonics instruction so important?

How will you change your phonics instruction in the future or how will you approach struggling readers differently?

Questions/ Feedback

Questions

What questions do we still have?

Please take a moment to fill out the survey provided!

References

References

Guzzetti, B.J. (2002). Literacy in america: an encyclopedia of history, theory and practice. Retrieved from http://books.google.com

Brown, E. (2006, November). History of reading instruction. Retrieved from http://www.thephonicspage.org

Integrating the Elementary Language Arts: An Historical Perspective (Monaghan, E. J. and Hartman, D. K., 2011)

Paterson, F., (2000) The politics of phonics. Journal

of Curriculum and Supervision 15(3), p179-211.

John-Steiner, V., & Mahn, H. (1996). Sociocultural approaches to learning and development: A Vygotskian framework. Educational Psychologist, 31(3/4), 191. https://doi-org.lopes.idm.oclc.org/10.1080/00461520.1996.9653266

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