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Throughout the Years: Examining Canadian Unity
By Rudy Arbatti, David Liu, Pharez Tayo-Ajimoko, and Jojo Hanna
1945
1982
1942
April 9-12, 1917
Canadian Women and the War
1914
Present Day
1944
1960s
July 21, 1988
We are going to examine the state of unity in Canada from the First World War era all the way to the present day.
We define Canadian Unity as any process or event that has brought together people, regardless of their ethnicity, language, or province of residence.
Recognizing that unity in Canada has been put to the test and has faced challenges and progress alike, we want to show the evolution of Canadian unity from a period of over a hundred years ago.
This was the first time all Four Canadian Battalions were fighting, united against the enemy, and successfully took the ridge from the Germans, albeit at a heavy cost, over 10,600 casualties.
Why is it Important?
How Did it Affect Unity?
This new found sense of pride and unity among Canadians would later transform into the need for a sovereign Canada, independent from Britain.
Conscription was originally proposed by then PM Borden to recruit more men to send overseas to fight the war in Europe, became a highly polarizing issue that would test the unity of Canadians.
In early 1942, the Canadian government detained and dispossessed the vast majority of people of Japanese descent living in British Columbia because on 7 December 1941, when Japan attacked both Pearl Harbor and Hong Kong, Canadian troops were stationed at these locations. With these shocking events, fear of a Japanese invasion was sparked and the flames were fanned by a sensationalist press.
Over 90 percent of Japanese Canadians. Some 21,000 people were uprooted during the war, the majority being Canadian citizens by birth. Even after the war ended PM Mackenzie King continued to bow to the most strident demands of the politicians and the citizens he represented. He offered Japanese Canadians two options: move to Japan or disperse to provinces east of the Rocky Mountains. He never expressed any regrets for the treatment of Japanese Canadians, during or after the war.
The Internment of Japanese Canadians demonstrated the racism and distrust directed towards minorities at that time, and the suffering of innocent people for the sole purpose of maintaining "national security." Overall, a damaging event to the unity of all Canadians.
World War Two was a time when there were many advances in warfare, technologny and human living. One of the main reasons Canadain unity grew in this time was becasue of Consription. Although it was frowned upon it was handled significantly better than World War One.
Women started participating in the war
Military-aged men were recruited
Women nursed injured men
Women helped manufacture war devices for WW1 and WW2
French and English armies needed women's help during the
17th,
18th &
19th centuries
Sewing, Cooking, Tending to the injured and making medicine were all things women were needed for
Women had special uniforms and received training in case of emergencies
By the 20th century things changed →
Women performed tasks that men had always traditionally done previously
Contributed heavily on the homefront and maintained society while men were in fighting in Europe
BY 1941, THERE WERE MORE THAN 50,000 WOMEN HELPING IN THE ARMY AND NAVY SERVICES -
BUT THEY WERE STILL NOT GRANTED FULL ACCESS OR RIGHTS
Women's role in running factories, businesses helped push Canada out of the Great Depression.
Women would pave the way for equality and result in the birth of feminism.
The term “Hippies” originates from the 1960s, where it was used to describe young youths from New York and San Fransisco during the 50s and 60s.
Wore weird clothing, had long hair, wore shirts with bizarre slogans.
Born after the war, part of the Baby-Boomer Generation
Hippy Peace Symbol
Becoming influential Canada-wide, they started to come up with their own music genre.
Popularized the use of illegal drugs, something which earned them disapproval.
Championed causes such as equal rights for women, minorities, and queer people.
Were looked down upon by the rest of mainstream Canadian society.
People thought they were a bad influence on young children and teens.
Clashed with others who wanted to preserve things as it was. Bad for unity.
TWO Institutions
ONE Nation
One of the most significant events in Canadian history is the affirmation for Indigenous People to self government in the constitution act in 1982.
Charlottetown Accord
What Is It?
Indigenous self-government is the formal structure through which Indigenous communities control the administration of their people, land, resources and related programs and policies, through agreements with federal and provincial governments.
Significance
This action cater Indigenous people’s sense of independence as well as eliminated the majority of the conflicts between aboriginal people and Canadian government.
Not until the establishment of Charlottetown Accord which substantially altered the status of Aboriginal groups in Canadian political environment. Under the Accord, Aboriginal right to self-government would have been enshrined in the Canadian Constitution.
How Did it Effect Unity?
Immigration Trend
Three million immigrants came to Canada during 1980 to 1990. In 2001, 43.1 percent of immigrants to Canada settled in Toronto, 18 percent settled in Vancouver, and 12 percent settled in Montreal.
The federal government further recognized the importance of Canada’s multiculturalism and Citizenship which lead to the enactment of Bill C-93 known as Multiculturalism Act aimed to reinforce the racial and cultural equality.
Under the influence of this policy, in the same year, 1988, the Canadian government apologized to Japanese Canadian for its action about racism and internment towards Japanese during the second world war. And as a compensation, it agreed to pay those people who were affected by the policy, $21000 each.
Coincidentally, Prime Minister Justin Trudeau stood in Parliament, November 2018, apologized for Canada’s decision to turn away the St. Louis full of Jewish refugees fleeing Nazi Germany on the eve of the Holocaust 79 years ago.