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Topic Development & Organizing the Speech Body for Dummies
By: Cynthia Cole, April Correa, Michelle Couture, Miranda Perez
Ways to Locate and Evaluate Presentable and Valuable Information Sources
Locate and Evaluate Information Sources
- Personal knowledge and experiences
- Internet sources
- Primary research
How to Get Started
- Evaluate your own wisdom and practical knowledge
- Discover secondary research
- Discover primary research
How to Sort Through Sources
- Countless information
- Beneficial accurate vs. impractical unreliable sources
- Skim through and evaluate sources for....credibility
truthfulness
currency
relevance
When You Can't Find Enough Information
- Fieldwork observations
- Surveys
- Interviews
What are some sources I should use when selecting relevant information?
Select Relevant Information
- Factual Statements
- Expert Opinions
- Elaborations
What is a factual statement?
- Are what can be verified
Factual Statements
Factual forms can come in forms of statistics, examples & definitions
I'll tell you why!
Why should you use statistics?
- You can't argue with numbers and statistics are just numerical facts!
Use Statistics that you can verify to be reliable & valid
Don't use biased statistics
How do I not over milk the cow?
- Evaluate the source thoughtfully for validity, accuracy, & reliability
Don't over milk the cow!
Use most recent statistics
Display statistics visually
Why should I use an expert opinion?
- Can help explain the reasoning/ madness behind the information
Expert Opinions
Maybe...
- If your mom is a person whom is recognized as having mastered a specific subject (long -term)
Can your mom be an expert?
What the heck is Elaborations?
Elaborations
- Can elaborate factual statements & expert opinions through anecdotes, narratives and comparison & contrasts
So did I say anecdotes & narratives?
I sure did Karen!
Anecdotes are brief, often amusing stories
Narratives are personal experiences, tales, longer stories
-This helps you capture your audience's interest which is VERY important
Comparisons illuminate a point by showing similarities
Lets talk about Comparing & Contrasting ...
When should I compare & contrast?
When you want to give meaning to new ideas
Contrasts highlight differences
Oral Footnotes
- Verbally cite any information outside your personal knowledge
- Helps give credibility
Cite Resources
What to Cite
- Title
- Author
- Optional: Publication date
- Optional: The author's credentials
Books
What to Cite
- Name of the publication
- Optional: Article's author
- Optional: Article title
Journal or Magazine Articles
What to Cite
- Name of newspaper
- Date of article
- Optional: Article's author
- Optional: Author's credentials
Newspapers
What to Cite
If cited more than once then you only need to say the interviewee's name.
- The name of the person interviewed
- The date of the interview
Interviews
What to Cite
If there is no author, cite the credentials of the sponsoring organization.
- The website's author
- Author's credentials
- The date of the site's most recent revision
Internet Sources
Do not verbally cite the URL.
What to Cite
- Name of the program
- Date of original broadcast
- Optional: Name of the reporter
Television Programs
What to Cite
- Name of the speaker
- Credentials of the speaker
- Occasion of the speech
- Date of the speech
Public Speeches
Organizing Main Ideas
Organizing- the process of arranging your speech material
Organize Main Points
Identify the Main Idea in 5 Steps
Identifying Main Ideas
Preparation Outline & Parallel Wording
Word Main Points
Selecting The Right Pattern
Select a Main Point Pattern
- Time order
- Narrative order
- Topical order
- Logical Reasons order
Main Points
How do I start my speech outline?
Outline the Speech Body
Sub-points
Formal speech outline: is a diagram of your speech material
Transitions
Outside Research
Does Your Source Pass The CRAAP Test?
CRAAP test
C-currency
R-relevance
A-authority
A-accuracy
P-purpose
The Importance of Footnotes
Footnotes
- Provides transparency and accountability
- Gives the audience the power to assess the information
- Builds a foundation for your claims
5 Quick Ways to Organize a Presentation
Organizing a Speech
- Reporting Progress
- Recommend a Strategy
- Persuade Your Audience
- Choose Between Alternatives
- Teach a Procedure
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