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You enter through the mouth
The teeth tear apart the food and physically break it down. The
amylase enzyme is in the saliva and breaks down starches into monsaccharides and dysaccharides.
The salivary glands are what releases the amylase that breaks
down starches!
The pharynx transports food from the mouth to the esophagus. This plays an important role in swallowing. Contains epiglottis, a lid like structure that closes off the entrance like a windpipe.
In the esophagus, a process called peristalsis squeezes the bolus down into the stomach.
The bolus causes the esophagus to stretch in wave like rhythmic contractions.
This process of bolus causes the food to move down the esophagus.
HC1, is an acidic chemical that kills harmful pathogens and other bacteria. Gastrin, a hormone that causes HC1 to be produced. The HC1 turns pepsinogen into pepsin and this breaks down polypeptides. The ridges on the stomach allow it to expand and contract, mixing food and gastric juices. Water, specific vitamins, some medications, and alcohol are absorbed in the stomach.
The liver and gallbladder is an accessory organ and is not a part of the alimentary canal. They work together to secrete bile and enzymes to aid in the digest of fats. They store bile and releases it into the small intestine as needed removing toxins from the blood.
As well as the liver and gallbladder, the pancreas is an accessory organ that is not part of the alimentary canal. the pancreas secretes digestive juices and enzymes into the small intestine as needed. This gland has important roles in both the digestive and endocrine systems.
The pancreas has pepsin which breaks down proteins and helps in the stomach. It also uses lipase and amylase in the small intestine.
The lipase and amylase from the pancreas helps to mix chyme coming from the stomach with digestive juices to complete the digestion and absorption of most nutrients. In the duodenum, chyme is mixed with pancreatic juices and bile. The small intestine also absorbs bile from the liver and gallbladder.
The large intestine absorbs excess water and prepares solid waste for elimination, extends from the end of the small intestine to the anus.
The rectums function is to control the excretion of solid waste. It makes up 4 inches of large intestine, the anus is the lower opening and is the flow of waste.