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JAZZ TIMELINE

BY

ANSAM

ALSALAMI

The original roots

1890

The original roots of "jazz"

Jazz began in the early days of radio and recordings, and these media brought it to the public's attention. Recordings, especially, brought the music of jazz musicians to other jazz musicians and the public. Jazz began in the early part of the twentieth century in the bars and nightclubs of poor urban neighborhoods, particularly in New Orleans. These bars and clubs were where musicians who aspired to a career playing jazz could find employment. The jazz they played emerged from combining the songs, dances, and musical instincts and preferences of African and European heritage people. Jazz has come a long way over the past hundred years.

Jazz includes many styles and techniques instruments, Improvisation

Where did it begin?

The history of modern jazz style begins with New Orleans jazz. Musicians IN New Orleans jazz, or traditional jazz, was performed mostly in the area of New Orleans known as Storyville, which contained bars, nightclubs, and brothels that hired jazz musicians to provide entertainment and dance music In 1917,

a jazz group from New Orleans that later became known as the Original Dixieland Jazz Band. While in New York City in 1917, this group made the very first jazz recording.

The various kinds of jazz

Jazz Styles;

New Orleans and Chicago Jaz,

Stride and Boogie Woogie

Swing and Big Band the jazz of Benny Goodman, swing or big band jazz .

bepop

Cool Jazz, Hard Bop, Soul Jazz, and Free Jazz

Modern Jazz, Fusion, and Smooth Jazz

RagTime

RAGTIME

The 1890s to 1915

-generally played in duple meter and performed at a moderate march tempo, right-handed syncopated melody, and simplistic left-handed accompaniment, used as a "springboard" for early Jazz improvisation

Scott Joplin, the "King of ragtime," was a composer and pianist.

Maple Leaf Rag and The Entertainer, Joseph Lamb

were one of the "Big Three" composers of classical Ragtime

-there known for melodic harmonies and sophistication within his pieces

BLUES

BLUES

1910

-Poetic and musical form

-Vocal Blues is a personal form that deals with the emotion seen within the expressionist period harmonic framework of 12 bars with three basic chords

The music and spirit of the blues were compatible with the emerging jazz style. By the 1920s, blues and jazz had become inseparable, constantly influencing each other. One of the most terrific blues singers of that time was Bessie Smith.

"Empress of Blues" and the most famous Blues singer in the 1920s

Lost Your Head Blues and Down Hearted Blues

BB King

"King of Blues" and released 50 classical blues albums

Three O'Clock Blues and The Thrill is Gone

-Muddy Waters ; Singer, songwriter, and guitarist

New Orleans and Chicago Jazz

NEW ORLEANS STYLE

1900-1917

it was called Chicago or Dixieland jazz,

Both styles use "head" arrangements, which are rehearsed and then performed from memory according to the traditional jazz style.

-A style of music that included opera, chamber music, folk, famous dances, and sacred music played in groups of 5-8 performers, Consisted of a syncopated and rhythmic independent typestyle

King Oliver's Creole Jazz Band

- Consisted of 2 cornets, a clarinet, trombone, piano, banjo, vocals, and drums

-Louis Armstrong

-Trumpeter and singer

Louis Armstrong's Hot Five and Louis Armstrong's Hot Seven

Hotter Than That and Swing That Music

-Sidney Bechet

Clarinet and Soprano Sax child prodigy

was the Master of improvisation

1900

1900

Stride and Boogie Woogie

1920 and 1945,

  • Some of the characteristics of boogie woogie are:
  • It was born in gin mills, lumber camps and rent parties.
  • There was not much subtlety to the music - poor to bad instruments and unschooled instrumentalists.
  • Volume was produced by physical strength.
  • Form was always a blues; songs had no real beginning or ending, much like African music.
  • Emphasis on rhythm rather than melody.

  • Boogie Woogie patterns were personalized much like the field hollers and hawking cries.

Some of the more famous boogie woogie players were Meade Lux Lewis, Albert Ammons, Cripple Clarence Lofton, Jimmy Yancey, and Sugar Chile Robinson.

1920

Swing and Big Band Jazz

Was popular from 1930's-1950's

Sweet swing. Sweet swing groups had existed since the early decades of the twentieth century;

The jazz of Benny Goodman, the “King of Swing.” Probably the best known of all jazz musicians, Benny Goodman (1909–1986) formed big bands and combos that played hot jazz and gentle swing.

-Uses a strong rhythm section of double bass and drums as the anchor for a lead section of brass, woodwinds, and sometimes strings

-Usually features soloists who would improvise on the melody over the arrangement

-Players swing notes in the song

-Saxophones became leading soloists

The recordings of some big bands, notably Glenn Miller, Duke Ellington, and Count Basie,

1930

Hot swing or big band jazz. This jazz served the more serious jazz composer, arranger, and performer. It included more musically sophisticated charts, featured more extended improvised solos, and was more demanding musically than sweet swing.

Bebop

-Was popular in 1940's-1950's

-Bebop often had fast tempos

-BeBop had longer melodic phrases using odd intervals built over the extension of chords

-There were complex harmonic ideas

-Harmony gained equal footing with melody and rhythm

-Emphasis was more on content than on sound

Performers:

Charlie Parker and His Re-Boppers: Charlie Parker, alto saxophone; Dizzy Gillespie, trumpet;

1940

Cool Jazz

-Was popular from 1950-1955

-Cool jazz has relaxed tempos, and lighter tones

-Incorporates elements of classical music

-Cool jazz was usually arranged formally, cool jazz is not spontaneous, unlike other forms of jazz

Chet Baker: My Funny Valentine

-Cool jazz was a fluid type of jazz

-Cool jazz had intricate harmonic structures that often lag behind the beat

cool jazz

Cool jazz is typified by the early music of Miles Davis and by the music of the Modern Jazz Quartet, Dave Brubeck, Gerry Mulligan, Stan Getz, and Chet Baker

1950

Hard bop

1950 cont.

-Was popular in the 1950s-1960s

-Hard Bop was improvisational and sometimes would stray away from the actual tune

-Timbre was heavy, dark, and focused on the lower tenor sax and drummers who played in a more assertive style

-Has longer and more straightforward melody statements

-Emphasis was placed on developing powerful tone and bending notes

Three of the most popular hard bop jazz musicians of this period were Bill Evans (piano), Clifford Brown (trumpet), and Sonny Rollins (tenor sax). Other jazz musicians continued to experiment with new styles and techniques.

Funky jazz or soul jazz are the names sometimes used to describe the music of jazz performers who created a style that returned to the roots of jazz.

1950-1960

performers

Horace Silver and the Jazz Messengers: Horace Silver, piano; Kenny Dorham, trumpet;

Modern Jazz, Fusion, and Smooth Jazz

Modern jazz began in the mid-1960s, with Miles Davis,

A popular form of modern jazz is fusion. Fusion artists merge the jazz style with pop, classical, or rock styles to create fusion jazz. The most dramatic change involves instruments and techniques borrowed from rock: electronic keyboards, electric bass, and rock drumming.

The most successful fusion artists are Herbie Hancock , Chick Corea, and Pat Metheny

1960

Fusion Jazz

however, was a term more widely used in the 1970s and 1980s

Was popular in the 1970's-1990's

-Combined rhythms from funk and R&B, and amplifications and electronic effects of rock music

-Main focus was on rhythmic improvisation

-Jazz Fusion has big long solos

-Wind and brass instruments often showed high level of technique

-Saxophones were used more often than brass instruments

1970

performers

Gunther Schuller, John Lewis),

Smooth jazz

1990

Some call this genre “new adult contemporary”;

The popularity of smooth jazz has increased as more and more radio stations have adopted a “smooth jazz” format.

Many smooth jazz artists today were once considered performers of fusion or mainstream jazz.

the currently popular artists

Boney James, David Sanborn, George Benson, Grover Washington Jr.,

sources

sources

https://www.jazzinamerica.org/jazzresources/stylesheets/18

http://www.ragtimepiano.ca/rags/lamb.htm

http://www.allmusic.com/artist/muddy-waters-mn0000608701/biography

THE WORLD OF MUSIC, EIGHTH EDITION

chapter 5

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