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Exodus 20:1-17God Gives the Ten Commandments
10
God Gives the Ten
Commandments
Lesson Text: Exodus 20:1-17
Related Scriptures: Deuteronomy 5:6-21; Exodus 32:1-20; 34:1-26; Matthew 5:17-48; Romans 13:8-10
TIME: 1445 B.C. PLACE: Mount Sinai
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GOLDEN TEXT—“Thou shalt have no other gods before me” (Exodus 20:3).
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Excerpt From: Union Gospel Press. “Bible Expositor and Illuminator.” Apple Books. https://books.apple.com/us/book/bible-expositor-and-illuminator/id1491588
Text
LESSON 6 OCTOBER 11, 2020
SCRIPTURE LESSON TEXT
EX. 20:1 And God spake all these words, saying,
2 I am the LORD thy God, which have brought thee out of the land of Egypt, out of the house of bondage.
3 Thou shalt have no other gods before me.
4 Thou shalt not make unto thee any graven image, or any likeness of any thing that is in heaven above, or that is in the earth beneath, or that is in the water under the earth:
5 Thou shalt not bow down thyself to them, nor serve them: for I the LORD thy God am a jealous God, visiting the iniquity of the fathers upon the children unto the third and fourth generation of them that hate me;
6 And shewing mercy unto thousands of them that love me, and keep my commandments.
7 Thou shalt not take the name of the LORD thy God in vain; for the LORD will not hold him guiltless that taketh his name in vain.
8 Remember the sabbath day, to keep it holy.
9 Six days shalt thou labour, and do all thy work:
10 But the seventh day is the“sabbath of the LORD thy God: in it thou shalt not do any work, thou, nor thy son, nor thy daughter, thy manservant, nor thy maidservant, nor thy cattle, nor thy stranger that is within thy gates:
11 For in six days the LORD made heaven and earth, the sea, and all that in them is, and rested the seventh day: wherefore the LORD blessed the sabbath day, and hallowed it.
12 Honour thy father and thy mother: that thy days may be long upon the land which the LORD thy God giveth thee.
13 Thou shalt not kill.
14 Thou shalt not commit adultery.
15 Thou shalt not steal.
16 Thou shalt not bear false witness against thy neighbour.
17 Thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s house, thou shalt not covet thy neighbour’s wife, nor his manservant, nor his maidservant, nor his ox, nor his ass, nor any thing that is thy neighbour’s.
Excerpt From: Union Gospel Press. “Bible Expositor and Illuminator.” Apple Books. https://books.apple.com/us/book/bible-expositor-and-illuminator/id1491588285
Overview
Ch. 20 of Exodus is known for the Ten Commandments.
- The commandments can be divided into two groups of five.
- The first five focus on the relationship between a person and God.
- The second five focus on relationships between one person to another person.
John D. Barry et al., Faithlife Study Bible (Bellingham, WA: Lexham Press, 2012, 2016), Ex 20:1–21.
Textual Analysis
Outline: Exodus 20:1-17 God Gives the Ten Commandments
I. One’s Relationship to God (Ex. 20:1-11).
II. One’s Relationship to others (Ex. 20:12-17).
Excerpt From: Union Gospel Press. “Bible Expositor and Illuminator.” Apple Books. https://books.apple.com/us/book/bible-expositor-and-illuminator/id1491588285
Significance
20:1–17 The Ten Commandments. God’s first words from Sinai have come to be called the Ten Commandments. The first four have to do with honoring God himself: his unique nature and demands, his name, and his day. The final six have to do with the honorable treatment of fellow humans:
1. “Do not worship any other gods besides me.” God will have no rivals, whether from false religions or from otherwise good things, such as family, money, or fame, which may usurp his preeminent place in our devotion.
2. “Do not make idols of any kind, whether in the shape of birds or animals or fish.” To make an idol or image of God is to try to bring God under our control. Rather, God wants us to submit to and serve him. See John 4:24.
3. “Do not misuse the name of the LORD your God.” We should not use God’s name in an empty or insincere way, such as by making an oath that we cannot fulfill (Lev. 19:12).
4. “Remember to observe the Sabbath day by keeping it holy.” By imitating God’s creation cycle of work and rest, and setting apart one day for God alone, Israel showed its faithfulness to him.
- Under the New Covenant, believers are not obligated to keep the Sabbath. In Christ they have experienced the fulfillment of the Sabbath-rest principle by trusting in God’s grace, rather than in human effort, for salvation (Heb. 4:3–10).
5. “Honor your father and mother.” Children must respect their parents. Under the law, to curse one’s parents was a capital offense (Lev. 20:9). Honoring them, on the other hand, brought great blessing (Exod. 20:12).
6.“Do not murder.” Murder is the willful, premeditated taking of life. The law did, however, sanction killing as a defensive or punitive act (Deut. 20:10–18) and prescribed the death penalty for various sins (Lev. 20:9–16; 24:17, 23; Deut. 13:6–11; 17:2–7).
7. “Do not commit adultery.” Like the taking of life or property, adultery violates an exclusive covenant relationship. Marriage is so crucial to the social order that adultery was among those sins for which the law prescribed death (Lev. 20:10).
8. “Do not steal.” Private property was to be respected. To steal from another human is essentially to steal from God, since all things ultimately belong to him (Lev. 25:23).
9. “Do not testify falsely against your neighbor.” To tell a lie, especially as a witness in court when someone’s life is at stake, is to despise God, the author of truth. Instead of imitating God, the liar imitates Satan, the “father of lies” (John 8:44) and “accuser” of believers (Rev. 12:10).
10. “Do not covet.” To covet is to desire for yourself any person or thing that belongs to someone else.
H. L. Willmington, Willmington’s Bible Handbook (Wheaton, IL: Tyndale House Publishers, 1997), 52–53.
Closing
Review
Closing Review and Takeaways
FIRST, the law reveals the nature of the God of the covenant.
- God was revealing to Israel some of HIs own characteristics.
SECOND, the law defines the people of the covenant.
- The regulations for living (given by God) set them apart from others.
THIRD, the law defines the area within which God’s people will experience the blessings of the covenant.
- Obeying the law = keeping the covenant.
Iain D. Campbell, Opening up Exodus, Opening Up Commentary (Leominster: Day One Publications, 2006), 80–81.
Today’s takeaways
Today’s takeaways:
1. Youth should know at least two things:
- There is an implicit blessing in honoring parents
- The Ten Commandments are God's rules about how we should treat him and people we come in contact with.
2.The commandments are the fundamental statements of a good and wholesome society as ordered by the holy and righteous God.
3.Though believers today are not under the Law (Rom. 6:15), they are under obligation to abide by the holy standards represented in the Ten Commandments.
4. Nine of the Ten Commandments are repeated in the New Testament with added stipulations that are even higher than those in Exodus 20:3–17.
5. The one not repeated is the command to keep the Sabbath (Saturday); now the first day of the week (Sunday) is to be set aside for worship in commemoration of the Savior’s resurrection.
6. We do not obey the commandments to earn salvation, they serve to please the Lord who saved us.
- Commandments yields the conduct of the believer.