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An Age of Extremes

By Deanna & Sarah

Andrew Johnson

  • Dates: April 15, 1865 - March 4, 1869
  • Chapter: 8
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

Moment #1

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"Andrew Johnson let the same men who had seceded from the Union and started the Civil War take power in the South. He seemed to approve of Jim Crow, the spirit behind segregation and white people's hatred of blacks."

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Andrew Johnson isn’t making the right decision as president to support Jim Crow and segregation. It’s called being closed minded since he wasn’t thinking properly about his choices of what to support. Jim Crow wasn’t a good thing since it made whites very powerful and blacks basically slaves again, and it caused segregation. Johnson shouldn’t have supported that because that meant he was against blacks and wasn’t treating all races fairly as he should’ve since he was president. He also let men who started the Civil War take power in the South which was a bad idea because that could cause chaos since starting the entire Civil War caused lots of death and disaster. Johnson should’ve thought thoroughly before letting that happen because he should take immediate action and not be closed minded towards these things.

Tariff Act

  • Date: 1890
  • Chapter: 11
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

Moment #2

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“That high tariff helped business trusts by keeping foreign competitors out of the country. But, it made goods expensive for most people.”

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The tariff act of 1890 was a problem in America causing people to not be able to afford essentials. This caused the economic system to go down as farmers had trouble selling their foods as an example. They had to pay high taxes for things such as wheat and other crops. Some believed that this was a good act as it would keep foreigners out of america. The high tariffs stopped most imports abroad, so the American government started to lose more money, just when America needed it.

Peoples' Solutions To New Problems

Moment #3

  • Date: 1896
  • Chapter: 14
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

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“Some people had a simple solution to the new problems. They blamed others.”

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During this time, many problems started appearing in America and a lot of people made wrong choices by blaming different races, religions, and groups of people that weren’t even at fault. That was a very closed minded thing for Americans to do because they didn’t even think before making those choices, they just right away turned the problems on the people that they were racist towards. People blamed groups such as Jews, Catholics, Blacks, Asians, Immigrants, and the rich. Most of those people are actually trying to help the problems, not do anything to make it worse.

Labor Problems

  • Dates: Late 1800s-Early 1900s
  • Chapter: 17
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

Moment #4

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“Working conditions were often unsafe, factory pay was rarely fair, and workers had few if any benefits.”

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Labor laws in the late 1800s and early 1900s did not exist yet, and people got paid whatever the owner thought was fair. Being able to have a job means that you are agreeing for the chance not to survive and never be able to take a break. Many went on strike, but it ended up almost never working in the people’s wants. Often, the owners were born and raised rich never understanding the struggles that workers had to go through.

Mother Jones

  • Date: 1871
  • Chapter: 20
  • Perspective: open mindedness

Moment #5

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“She was left with nothing. That decided her. If she was going to start over again, again she wanted to do something important with her life. She wanted to help others. It was the children she worked hardest to help.”

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It was horrible - children were treated like slaves. Almost no one cared, the laws were horrible, children were in big trouble. Children were forced to work at the machinery for eight hours every day, there were no laws for children’s schooling, and working conditions weren’t safe at all. Some manufacturers even built toys that could hurt children. No one was concerned or even spoke up about it, except for Mother Jones. She was courageous, she wanted to help the children. She didn’t want to feel like a failure in life even though her very first business was ruined. Her actions, choices, and mindset was the perfect to consider her open minded. She would talk about what was happening and people tried to stop her and arrest her - but she was a powerful woman with a smart and open mind.

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Laws

  • Date: Early 1900s
  • Chapter: 24
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

Moment #6

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“Many people-weather big business leaders, union leaders, political leaders, or ordinary citizens–seemed not to care about laws, or even about rights and wrongs”

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Laws were more of an experiment during this time. As the Civil War ended and people started paying more attention to the rights and wrongs. Money and power was the goal for people and they would do anything to get that. Many broke laws and rules to be able to get that. This time in America really did have an impact as it proved that Americans had a lot to improve on.

Gilded Age

  • Date:1877-1896
  • Chapter: 26
  • Perspective: closed mindedness

Moment #7

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“It was a mixed-up time: a time of optimism and hope; a time of delight with inventions; a time of worry about corruption; a time of poverty and wealth.”

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As the Gilded age hit America, it was a time when we were not prepared. Housing was limited, and immigrants who were unskilled had to work long hours and for low pay. Heating, lighting, and sanitation was very poor. Many died because of health reasons and preventable disease. But, America was growing; elevators, sky scrapers, and subways were being created. Unfortunately, they had so many things to worry about that could not keep up.

The Spanish-American War

Date:1898

Chapter: 29

Perspective: open mindedness

Moment #8

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“The American people went wild. They demanded war. Congress wanted war. Theodore Roosevelt wanted war. William McKinley was president, and he had fought in the Civil War. He knew the horrors of war; he wanted no part of one. People started calling him a coward. They didn’t realize it usually takes more courage than to say no than yes. Finally McKinley gave in.”

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Even though McKinley did have his own opinion which was for the country to stay peaceful and not problematic, he still chose to take in others opinions and understand their point of view and agree with it. He didn’t fight back (like a closed minded person would) because he chose to calmly accept that his opinion wasn’t the majority and he should stick with the majority’s opinion. Closed minded people would be too stuck up and too selfish with their own opinions that they wouldn’t be able to accept other ideas. On the other hand, open minded people like McKinely know how to accept other ideas and opinions.

Education

Date:1856-1924

Chapter: 36

Perspective: open mindedness

Moment #9

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“Wilson was never able to read quickly, but that never stopped him from becoming a college professor, president of Princeton University, governor of New Jersey, and president of the United States.”

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Woodrow Wilson was always very shy and had dyslexia. He was never really an extrovert but he had a vast interest in politics. At a young age, his parents started paying attention to him realizing that he had trouble reading and paying attention. He proved to Americans that he is not dumb, but he is very bright and is able to succeed at anything he puts his mind to.

Great War

  • Date: 1914
  • Chapter: 37
  • Perspective: closed and
  • open mindedness

Moment #10

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“Woodrow Wilson wanted to be a peacemaker. He tried talking to leaders on both sides; he tried to end the war. But Germany insisted on being given French and Polish land before it would stop fighting. France and Russia (which ruled most of Poland) wouldn’t agree to that."

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Since Wilson was trying to stop war from occurring and creating peace between the countries - and that was open mindedness. He wanted to try hard for peace and he even had the courage to talk to the leaders to prevent war. It didn’t exactly work, but he had an open mind to try his best on something he strongly believed. This can also be interpreted as closed mindedness, because if you look at the other side of this, the leaders in their country weren’t agreeing. They were greedy for land, which made them foolish enough to add more problems. The leaders weren’t open to new ideas so their closed mindedness insisted that they still declare war.

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