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Unit 4 was from 1800-1848
robert.m.kuney@mcpsmd.net
1801- Thomas Jefferson was elected as president
1803 - Louisiana Purchase and Marbury v. Madison
1807-Slave trade ended
1811- Battle of Tippecanoe
1812- war of 1812 starts
1814 - Britian burns down washingtion dc.
1819- McCullogh v. Maryland
1820- Missurori compuromise
1823 - Monroe doctorine
1825 - The opening of the Erie canal
1828 - Andrew jackson becomes president
1830- The Indain removal Act is passed
1831 - The Mcormick reaper was invented
1832 - Nullification crissis & jackson vetos bank of the US
1833- Whig party is formed
1835 - Democracy is established
1837 - The steel plow and Telegraph were invented
1842- Webser -Ashburton treaty
1845- Annexation of Texas
1846- Us declares war on Mexico
Andrew Jackson: Known as the "people's president" he created the Democratic Party.
Whigs: A political party developed to oppose Jackson's Democrats.
Market Revolution: A revolution in which new technologies were invented to make life easier and more efficient. Some products that were developed were the Steel Plow, Interchangeable parts, and the Erie Canal.
Panic of 1893: Caused by Jackson closing the Second National Bank, this was the worst financial panic faced in America at that time.
Hudson River School:Art and literature were growing in importance and this school's primary focus was art. The students would often paint landscapes.
Nativism: This was groups of people that were against new immigrants coming to America.they would often call immigrants "Know Nothings".
Immigrant Labor: Despite Nativists hatred immigrant labor was cheaper, therefore more and more immigrants were being hired to work in factories.
Samuel Wood, Injured Humanity; Being A Representation of What the Unhappy Children of Africa Endure from Those Who Call Themselves Christians, 1805
James Monroe, The Monroe Doctrine from the President’s Annual Message to Congress, Washington Republican Extra, December 2, 1823
Title page, Lydia Maria Child, Letters from New York, Second Series (New York: C. S. Francis & Co. and Boston: J. H. Francis, 1845)
Rufus King’s Substance of Two Speeches, Delivered in the Senate of the United States on the Subject of the Missouri Bill, November 22, 1819
"A mirror for the intemperate” broadside, Boston, ca. 1830
John Quincy Adams to Roger S. Baldwin, November 11, 1840
The United States began to develop a modern
democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while
Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and
change their society and institutions to match them.
A. In the early 1800s, national political parties continued to debate issues such as the tariff, powers of the federal government, and relations with European powers.
B. Supreme Court decisions established the primacy of the judiciary in determining the meaning of the Constitution and asserted that federal laws took precedence over state laws.
C. By the 1820s and 1830s, new political parties arose — the Democrats, led, by Andrew Jackson, and the Whigs, led by Henry Clay — that disagreed about the role and powers of the federal government and issues such as the national bank, tariffs, and federally funded internal improvements.
D. Regional interests often trumped national concerns as the basis for many
political leaders’ positions on slavery and economic policy.
The United States began to develop a modern
democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while
Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and
change their society and institutions to match them.
The rise of democratic and
individualistic beliefs, a
response to rationalism, and
changes to society caused
by the market revolution,
along with greater social
and geographical mobility,
contributed to a Second
Great Awakening among
Protestants that influenced
moral and social reforms
and inspired utopian and
other religious movements.
A new national culture
emerged that combined
American elements,
European influences, and
regional cultural sensibilities.
Liberal social ideas from
abroad and Romantic beliefs
in human perfectibility
influenced literature, art,
philosophy, and architecture.
Enslaved blacks and free
African Americans created
communities and strategies
to protect their dignity and
family structures, and they
joined political efforts aimed
at changing their status.
II.
The United States began to develop a modern
democracy and celebrated a new national culture, while
Americans sought to define the nation’s democratic ideals and
change their society and institutions to match them
Americans formed new
voluntary organizations that
aimed to change individual
behaviors and improve
society through temperance
and other reform efforts.
Abolitionist and antislavery
movements gradually
achieved emancipation
in the North, contributing
to the growth of the
free African American
population, even as
many state governments
restricted African
Americans’ rights.
Antislavery efforts in
the South were largely
limited to unsuccessful
slave rebellions.
A women’s rights
movement sought to
create greater equality and
opportunities for women,
expressing its ideals at the
Seneca Falls Convention.
Increasing numbers of Americans, many inspired by new religious and
intellectual movements, worked primarily outside of government institutions
to advance their ideals.
Innovations in technology, agriculture, and
commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national
and regional identities.
Entrepreneurs helped to
create a market revolution in
production and commerce,
in which market relationships
between producers and
consumers came to prevail
as the manufacture of goods
became more organized.
Innovations including
textile machinery, steam
engines, interchangeable
parts, the telegraph, and
agricultural inventions
increased the efficiency
of production methods.
Legislation and judicial
systems supported the
development of roads,
canals, and railroads, which
extended and enlarged
markets and helped foster
regional interdependence.
Transportation networks
linked the North and
Midwest more closely
than either was linked
to the South.
New transportation systems and technologies dramatically expanded
manufacturing and agricultural production.
Innovations in technology, agriculture, and
commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national
and regional identities.
Increasing numbers of
Americans, especially
women and men working in
factories, no longer relied on
semisubsistence agriculture;
instead they supported
themselves producing
goods for distant markets.
The growth of manufacturing
drove a significant increase
in prosperity and standards
of living for some; this led
to the emergence of a larger
middle class and a small but
wealthy business elite but
also to a large and growing
population of laboring poor.
Gender and family roles
changed in response to
the market revolution,
particularly with the growth
of definitions of domestic
ideals that emphasized
the separation of public
and private spheres.
The changes caused by the market revolution had significant effects on U.S. society, workers’ lives, and gender and family relations.
Innovations in technology, agriculture, and
commerce powerfully accelerated the American economy,
precipitating profound changes to U.S. society and to national
and regional identities.
Large numbers of
international migrants
moved to industrializing
northern cities, while
many Americans moved
west of the Appalachians,
developing thriving new
communities along the ohio
and Mississippi rivers.
Increasing Southern
cotton production and the
related growth of Northern
manufacturing, banking,
and shipping industries
promoted the development
of national and international
commercial ties.
Southern business leaders
continued to rely on the
production and export
of traditional agricultural
staples, contributing to
the growth of a distinctive
Southern regional identity.
Plans to further unify the
U.S. economy, such as the
American System, generated
debates over whether such
policies would benefit
agriculture or industry,
potentially favoring different
sections of the country.
Economic development shaped settlement and trade patterns, helping to
unify the nation while also encouraging the growth of different regions.
The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade and
expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign policy
and spurred government and private initiatives.
Struggling to create an independent global presence, the United States sought to
claim territory throughout the North American continent and promote foreign trade.
The U.S. interest in increasing foreign trade
and expanding its national borders shaped the nation’s foreign
policy and spurred government and private initiatives.
As overcultivation depleted
arable land in the Southeast,
slaveholders began
relocating their plantations
to more fertile lands west
of the Appalachians, where
the institution of slavery
continued to grow.
Antislavery efforts increased
in the North, while in the
South, although the majority
of Southerners owned no
slaves, most leaders argued
that slavery was part of
the Southern way of life.
Congressional attempts at
political compromise, such
as the Missouri Compromise,
only temporarily stemmed
growing tensions
between opponents and
defenders of slavery
The United States’s acquisition of lands in the West gave rise to contests over
the extension of slavery into new territories.