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3.2 First Civilizations: An Urban Revolution
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First Civilizations: An Urban Revolution
Teotihuacan
-located in Mexico
-population of around 200,000
Teotihuacan
Art and Architecture
-dozens of temples and two huge pyramids
-stone carvings and paintings throughout the cities
Art and Architecture
A vibrant place
-people came here from all over Mexico
-hundreds of stores
A vibrant place
Cities
-The core of the first civilizations
-Social Classes are present here
Cities
The Core of the First Civilizations
Heart and Soul
-Where governments operate from.
-Center of culture like art, architecture, literature, etc.
-Trading centers for local and long distance trade
Social Classes
-Social classes are very defined
-People had specialized jobs
-There are great inequalities between the different classes
Social Classes
Uruk
Uruk in Mesopotamia
-It was one of many cities-states in Mesopotamia
-It had a population of around 50,000
A description from the Epic of Gilgamesh
A description from the Epic of Gilgamesh
Come then, Enkidu, to ramparted Uruk,
Where the fellows are resplendent in holiday clothing,
Where everyday is set for celebration,
Where harps and drums are played,
Even the great gods are kept from sleeping at night.
City-states in Mesopotamia
City-states in Mesopotamia
-A city-state is a city that acts like its own country
-A city-state has its own government
-A city-state does not obey other city-states
Architecture
Architecture
In Uruk religious structures called Ziggurats were built. Ziggurats were places to worship, gather, and distribute food.
20 foot walls were built around Uruk to protect the city from any invaders
Job Specialization
There were man different types of jobs in Uruk like masons, copper workers, weavers, and politicians who ran the city. Different jobs for different people leads to social classes.
Job specialization
Mohenjo-Daro in the Indus River Valley
Harappa
Harappa is a sister city to Mohenjo-Daro. A sister city has a link to another city but not an actual physical link. The link was more cultural. Both cities had many similarities.
Harappa
Architecture
Architecture
-the rich lived in two story houses with plumbing and private wells
-the poor lived in standardized two room homes
-the city had grid streets, a sewer system, public baths, and public buildings
-a 45 foot high wall surrounded the city