Anatomist and physician, considered the founder of modern anatomy
He was the first to challenge and correct anatomy misconceptions by emphasing the importance of direct observation
He was the first to dissect humans
Previous knowledge on the human anatomy was based off of dissections on animals
Zacharias Jansen (1580-1638)
Dutch spectecal maker and optician
Born in middelburg, Netherlands
Invented the the first compound microscope which is believed to be around 1590
He started by expiermenting with magnifying glasses with his father, Hans Jansen in their workshop
Enabled magnification of up to 9x or 10x with his early microscopes
Laid the foundation for future advancements in microscopy
His invention contributed to significant discoveries in biology, leading to a better understanding of the microscopic world
Zacharias Jansen (1580-1638)
Francesco Redi (1626-1697)
Conducted experiments disproving spontaneous generation in 1668
Experiment with flies and rotting meat
Showed that maggots only appeared on meat exposed to flies
Demonstrated that life does not arise spontaneously from decaying matter
He debunked the beliefs that vipers consume wine and possess the ability to shatter glass, and revealed that their venom originates from their fangs rather than the previously believed source, the gallbladder.
He may have been the first researcher to record the process of controlling experimental conditions, a fundamental aspect of conducting precise scientific investigations.
Francesco Redi (1626-1697)
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Invented the first real microscope with superior magnification (up to 270x) using up to 550 lenses
With this he could view objects up to a millionth of a meter
He was a able to observe and describe single cell organisms in water, sperm cells, blood cells, and fisrt to describe the structure yeast cells
Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Using a microscope he observed for the first time and named "cells" in cork from his observation of pores
First to use the term "cell" for biological structures
Published groundbreaking book on microscopy in 1665, Detailing illustrations of insects, plants, and minerals but his most significant discovery came from fleas and cork
He discovered plant cells but was not aware of his findings
Robert Hooke (1635-1703)
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
French Bilogist and chemist, developed the germ theory
Known for discoveriss in vaccination, which saved many lives since as well fermantation, and pasteurization
He created the first vaccinations for rabies and anthrax
Best known for his invention that was named after him being, pasteurization, this was a process that would kill pathogens in liquids without alterinng the taste or changing it's nutrional value
Pasteuization would include treating food or liquids with heat that would then kill pathogens and extend shelf life
Continued to disprove spontaeous generation through his expierments, by discovering that without contamination microorganisms cannoot develop
Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)
Carl Zeiss (1816-1888)
Otto Schott (1851-1935) Ernest Abbe (1840-1905)
These three collaberated by combining their knowledge in optics, and scientific research to revolutionize microscope design, improving quality of lenses, and developed new optical glass, pushing forward the field of microscopy and optical tools.
Carl Zeiss (1816-1888)
Otto Schott (1851-1935) Ernst Abbe (1840-1905)
Introduced precise optic manufacturing
Specialized in optical glass
Specialized in optical principles
Stanley Miller (1930-2007)
Famous for the miller-urey expierment which simulated the acient earths conditions
Used water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases and applied energy through electricty and heat
He discovered and proved that life only comes from life which was once believed that life came from simple substances that eventually gave life from non living matter
His discovery was that simple inorganic compounds formed amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins
Stanley Miller (1930-2007)
Lynn Margulis (1938-2011)
Discovered proof the cellular evolution theory symbsis that was based on sound science, which explains the origin of evolution of cells