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Lesson 1.2

TIMELINE OF BIOLOGY

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

Andreas Vesalius (1514-1564)

  • Anatomist and physician, considered the founder of modern anatomy
  • He was the first to challenge and correct anatomy misconceptions by emphasing the importance of direct observation
  • He was the first to dissect humans
  • Previous knowledge on the human anatomy was based off of dissections on animals

Zacharias Jansen (1580-1638)

  • Dutch spectecal maker and optician
  • Born in middelburg, Netherlands
  • Invented the the first compound microscope which is believed to be around 1590
  • He started by expiermenting with magnifying glasses with his father, Hans Jansen in their workshop
  • Enabled magnification of up to 9x or 10x with his early microscopes
  • Laid the foundation for future advancements in microscopy
  • His invention contributed to significant discoveries in biology, leading to a better understanding of the microscopic world

Zacharias Jansen (1580-1638)

Francesco Redi (1626-1697)

  • Conducted experiments disproving spontaneous generation in 1668
  • Experiment with flies and rotting meat
  • Showed that maggots only appeared on meat exposed to flies
  • Demonstrated that life does not arise spontaneously from decaying matter
  • He debunked the beliefs that vipers consume wine and possess the ability to shatter glass, and revealed that their venom originates from their fangs rather than the previously believed source, the gallbladder.
  • He may have been the first researcher to record the process of controlling experimental conditions, a fundamental aspect of conducting precise scientific investigations.

Francesco Redi (1626-1697)

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

  • Invented the first real microscope with superior magnification (up to 270x) using up to 550 lenses
  • With this he could view objects up to a millionth of a meter
  • He was a able to observe and describe single cell organisms in water, sperm cells, blood cells, and fisrt to describe the structure yeast cells

Anton van Leeuwenhoek (1632-1723)

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

  • Using a microscope he observed for the first time and named "cells" in cork from his observation of pores
  • First to use the term "cell" for biological structures
  • Published groundbreaking book on microscopy in 1665, Detailing illustrations of insects, plants, and minerals but his most significant discovery came from fleas and cork
  • He discovered plant cells but was not aware of his findings

Robert Hooke (1635-1703)

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

  • French Bilogist and chemist, developed the germ theory
  • Known for discoveriss in vaccination, which saved many lives since as well fermantation, and pasteurization
  • He created the first vaccinations for rabies and anthrax
  • Best known for his invention that was named after him being, pasteurization, this was a process that would kill pathogens in liquids without alterinng the taste or changing it's nutrional value
  • Pasteuization would include treating food or liquids with heat that would then kill pathogens and extend shelf life
  • Continued to disprove spontaeous generation through his expierments, by discovering that without contamination microorganisms cannoot develop

Louis Pasteur (1822-1895)

Carl Zeiss (1816-1888)

Otto Schott (1851-1935) Ernest Abbe (1840-1905)

  • These three collaberated by combining their knowledge in optics, and scientific research to revolutionize microscope design, improving quality of lenses, and developed new optical glass, pushing forward the field of microscopy and optical tools.

Carl Zeiss (1816-1888)

Otto Schott (1851-1935) Ernst Abbe (1840-1905)

  • Introduced precise optic manufacturing

  • Specialized in optical glass

  • Specialized in optical principles

Stanley Miller (1930-2007)

  • Famous for the miller-urey expierment which simulated the acient earths conditions
  • Used water, methane, ammonia, hydrogen gases and applied energy through electricty and heat
  • He discovered and proved that life only comes from life which was once believed that life came from simple substances that eventually gave life from non living matter
  • His discovery was that simple inorganic compounds formed amino acids which are the building blocks of proteins

Stanley Miller (1930-2007)

Lynn Margulis (1938-2011)

  • Discovered proof the cellular evolution theory symbsis that was based on sound science, which explains the origin of evolution of cells

Lynn Margulis (1938-2011)

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