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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
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DESIGN AND CONSTRUCT OF SOLAR POWER PLANT
GROUP MEMBERS:-
MEET PATEL
KRISHNA GUJJAR
BHUMIK SOLANKI
FAIZAN DHUDHAT
AATISH VASAVA
MELA VASAVA
206010309011
206010309012
206010309054
206010309034
206010309007
216010309508
GUIDE:- MR. SAKIR DINATH
INTRODUCTION
A solar power plant is a facility that converts solar radiation, made up of light, heat, and ultraviolet radiation, into electricity suitable to be supplied to homes and industries.
The process of electricity production in a solar plant is completely ecological and doesn't generate polluting elements for the environment, as well as being one of the most efficient renewable energies that currently exist.
Thanks to these advantages of solar energy compared to energies generated from fossil fuels or non-renewable sources, solar power plants represent a key tool for developing a new long-term sustainable production model, which is completely eco-friendly.
Depending on its operating system, there are two main types of solar plants: solar thermal power plants and solar photovoltaic plants.
MAIN COMPONENTS
SOLAR PANEL
PV panels or Photovoltaic panel is a most important component of a solar power plant. It is made up of small solar cells. This is a device that is used to convert solar photon energy into electrical energy.
Generally, silicon is used as a semiconductor material in solar cells. The typical rating of silicon solar cells is 0.5 V and 6 Amp. And it is equivalent to 3 W power.
The number of cells is connected in series or parallel and makes a module. The number of modules forms a solar panel.
According to the capacity of power plants, a number of plates are mounted and a group of panels is also known as Photovoltaic (PV) array.
BATTERY
The batteries are used to store electrical energy generated by the solar power plants. The storage components are the most important component in a power plant to meet the demand and variation of the load. This component is used especially when the sunshine is not available for few days.
The capacity of a battery is that how much amount of electrical power it can store. The capacity of batteries is measured in Ampere-hours (AH) rating.
The capacity of a battery is affected by the temperature. There is a reduction of 0.6% of capacity for every degree Celsius rise in temperature more than 25˚ C.
INVERTER
The output of the solar panel is in the form of DC. The most of load connected to the power system network is in the form of AC. Therefore, we need to convert DC output power into AC power. For that, an inverter is used in solar power plants.
For a large-scaled grid-tied power plant, the inverter is connected with special protective devices. And a transformer is also connected with the inverter to assure the output voltage and frequency as per the standard supply.
CHARGE CONTROLLER
A charge controller is used to control the charging and discharging of the battery. The charge controller is used to avoid the overcharging of the battery. The overcharging of a battery may lead to corrosion and reduce plate growth. And in the worst condition, it may damage the electrolyte of the battery.
Sometimes, the charge controller is termed a solar battery charger. There are many technologies used to make a charge controller. For example, the most popular technique is the MPPT charge controller that is known as “Maximum Power Point Tracking”. This algorithm is used to optimize the production of PV cells.
TRANSFORMER
Transformers are critical components in solar energy production and distribution. Historically, transformers have “stepped-up” or “stepped-down” energy from non-renewable sources.
There are different types of solar transformers including distribution, station, sub-station, pad mounted and grounding.
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
The output of solar panels depends on sunlight. And the sunlight is not constantly available. It is continuously varying. Similarly, the output of the solar panel is also varying with respect to sunlight. This results in fluctuation in load current. The voltage regulators are used to maintain fluctuation within an acceptable range.
OFF GRID SYSTEM
ON-GRID SYSTEM
On-grid system is the one in which solar power system is connected to the utility’s power grid. The excess power generated is sent to the utility grid and the consumer gets compensated for it. Similarly, when the system underproduces power, the consumer can draw electricity from the grid and pay for the units used.
Being tied to a grid is beneficial as the consumer does not need to buy an expensive battery backup to store excess energy. This makes on-grid systems more popular in residential spaces.
It is also known as a stand-alone system for power or energy consumption. It is an independent power source to which a consumer is directly connected. Although the consumer would spend more in purchasing the materials needed, it can save them from monthly costs for a long time.
Basically, this gets power from the sunlight, and it will use some of the excess energy collected from it during the day for the night because of the batteries.
The best off grid solar system is made efficient even though a place has frequent power shortages. This means that it is best to use in rural and remote areas where electricity is not that abundant.
WORKING
As sunlight falls over a solar cells, a large number of photons strike the p-type region of silicon. Electron and hole pair will get separated after absorbing the energy of photon. The electron travels from p-type region to n-type region due to the action of electric field at p-n junction. Further the diode is reversed biased to increase this electric field. So this current starts flowing in the circuit for individual solar cell. We combine the current of all the solar cells of a solar panel, to get a significant output.
Solar power plant have a large number of solar panels connected to each other to get a large voltage output. The electrical energy coming from the combined effort of solar panels is stored in the Lithium ion batteries to be supplied at night time, when there is no sunlight.
PROS AND CONS
PROS
CONS
1. The high initial costs of installing panels
2. Solar energy storage is expensive
3. Solar doesn’t work for every roof type
4. Solar panels are dependent on sunlight
1) Great for the environment.Renewable energy does not produce any noise pollution or waste.
2) The cost of energy production is practically negligible as it does not need any outside supply.
3) There is no loss of energy in its distribution. This keeps the performance at its peak.
4) The installation of a solar power plant is easy and versatile.
5) The energy production is maximum during the day resulting in reduced electricity prices.
6) With one time investment, expect free power for life.
7) Get a return on investment in only three years.
8) The most eco-friendly technique for power production.