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Helton, Madison: Mycoplasma Haemofelis
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Mycoplasma Haemofelis
Common Name:
Breakdown of Bacterial Blood Parasite
Mycoplasma Haemofelis
(Scientific Name)
Formally Called: Haemobartonella Felis
A Bacterial Parasite that attaches itself to the Cats RBC's.
Mycoplasma Haemofelis
Classification
Species: Mycoplasma Haemofelis
Genus: Mycoplasma (A Genus of Bacteria that can infect dfferent part's of the body)
- Two Subgroups of Mycoplasma: Haemotropic and Non-Haemotropic
Class: Mollicutes (A group of Bacteria that lacks a Cell Wall and is known for being one of the smallest Bacteria)
Hemoplasma Spp.
Mycoplasma Haemofelis can also be considered "Hemoplasmas" and/or "Hemotropic Mycoplasmas".
Hemotropic Mycoplasmas (Hemoplasmas): Bacteria that parasitize RBC's and can induce Haemolytic Anemia.
Hemoplasma Spp.
Both mammals and reptiles have been diagnosed with different kinds of these Mycoplasma Infections:
Dogs:
- M. Cynos
- M. Molare
- M. Haemocanis
Life Cycle:
Life span and affects
Like most Bacterial Organisms, Mycoplasma Infections including M. Heamofelis, use Binary Fission to reproduce or multiple.
The incubation period of this disease can range between 6-17 days and has a range from of 20-34 days.
Transmission: Ticks and Fleas have been suspected Intermediate Vectors. But other cats with this Mycoplasma infection can transmit it to other species (mostly their own) by Blood Transmission or through infected Queens when giving birth.
Potentially Hosts of M. Haemofelis: Dogs, Cats, and Humans.
Mycoplasma Infections
Affects and Secondary Diseases
- More than 120 species of Mycoplasma have been identified among different species. Some of those include -
Three main Haemoplasma species known to infect Cats:
- Mycoplasma Haemofelis (Epicellular Bacterial Parasite of Feline RBC's. Can cause Hemolytic Anemia)
Hemolytic Anemia: Also known as Feline Infectious Anemia. Can be fixed naturally by regenerating RBC's. But may be supressed by underlying diseases. (Feline Leukemia Virus)
- Candidatus Mycoplasma Haemomintum
- Candidatus Mycoplasma Turicensis
Prevenatives and Medications
Preventatives and Elimination
How is it Diagnosed?
- Full clinical examinations with Blood and Urine tests will be needed to Diagnose.
Most cases of Mycoplasma Haemofelis go undetected unless physical or measurable signs show. (Fever, enlarged Lymph Nodes, and increase in the HR and RR.
Prevenatives and Treatment?
- No vaccinations are made for this infection.
- With Treatment, Antibiotics may be prescribed like Doxycycline, Enrofloxacin, or Marbofloxacin.
Some cases, even with Treatment, may have a relapse.
- If Anemia is Severe, a Blood Transfusion may be required.
Treatment based on Host's Condition
Treatment for Mycoplasma Haemofelis may depend on many things including age, weight, other disease that could either affect or play a role in the infection or treatment, and the severity of the infection itself.
- Doxycycline: 10mg every 24hrs.
5mg every 12hrs.
- Azithromycin: 5 - 10mg every 24hrs. for 5 days, then every 24hrs.
- Marbofloxacin: 2mg every 24hrs.
- Clindamycin: 10 - 15mg, every 12hrs.
Treatment based on Host
Host's Signs
The Host
Other affects and signs may include:
- Pale MM
- Anorexia
- Pica
- Depression
- Weight loss
- And can cause Fading Kitten Syndrome
Diseases Associated with Mycoplasma Infections:
Diseases
Associated
Diseases in Cats:
- Conjunctivitis
- Upper Respiratory Tract Disease
- Pythorax
Diseases in Dogs:
- Prostatitis
- Urinary Tract Infections
Animals with these Diseases also have the posibility of getting a Mycoplasma Infection, or may already have it
Bergmann, Michèle, et al. “Risk Factors of Different Hemoplasma Species Infections in Cats - BMC Veterinary Research.” BioMed Central, BioMed Central, 16 Feb. 2017, https://bmcvetres.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/s12917-017-0953-3#:~:text=Background-,Hemoplasma%20species%20(spp.),hemolytic%20anemia%20in%20different%20species.
Cell Press: Current Biology. https://www.cell.com/current-biology/home.
“Feline Haemoplasmosis - WSAVA2007.” VIN, https://www.vin.com/apputil/content/defaultadv1.aspx?pId=11242&id=3860710&print=1.
“Feline Hemotrophic Mycoplasmosis: VCA Animal Hospital.” Vca, https://vcahospitals.com/know-your-pet/feline-hemotrophic-mycoplasmosis.
Feline Respiratory Mycoplasma Infections |, http://www.abcdcatsvets.org/feline-respiratory-mycoplasma-infections/.
Citations
More Citations
Continued:
Foley, Janet E. “Hemotropic Mycoplasma Infections in Animals - Circulatory System.” Merck Veterinary Manual, Merck Veterinary Manual, 13 Dec. 2022, https://www.merckvetmanual.com/circulatory-system/blood-parasites/hemotropic-mycoplasma-infections-in-animals#:~:text=In%20the%20case%20of%20M,of%20organisms%20on%20blood%20smears.
“Mycoplasma.” EClinpath, 13 June 2021, https://eclinpath.com/hematology/infectious-agents/mycoplasma/.
Santos, Andrea P, et al. “Genome of Mycoplasma Haemofelis, Unraveling Its Strategies for Survival and Persistence - Veterinary Research.” BioMed Central, BioMed Central, 21 Sept. 2011, https://veterinaryresearch.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1297-9716-42-102.
SD;, Sykes JE;Terry JC;Lindsay LL;Owens. “Prevalences of Various Hemoplasma Species among Cats in the United States with Possible Hemoplasmosis.” Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association, U.S. National Library of Medicine, https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/18241101/.
Themes, UFO. “Mycoplasma Infections.” Veterian Key, 10 July 2016, https://veteriankey.com/mycoplasma-infections/.