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By: Breanne Chisholm, Gabrielle Logan, Madison McLaughlin, Adelina Serbanescu & Mackenzie Wilson
- 1897-1996
- Born in Kansas City, Missouri
- "Modern-Day Mother of Nursing"
- "The Nightingale of Modern Nursing"
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
Education
- Diploma in Nursing from the Army School of Nursing at Walter Reed Hospital, Washington, D.C. in 1921
- Bachelor's Degree in 1932 and Master's Degree in 1934 from the Teachers College at Columbia University
- Doctoral degrees from:
- Catholic University of America
- Pace University
- University of Rochester
- University of Western Ontario
- Yale University
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
Career
- Nurse educator and author
- Worked at the Henry Street Visiting Nurse Service for 2 years with diploma
- Taught nursing at Norfolk Protestant Hospital in Virginia
- Became a member of faculty at Columbia University after graduation of Master's Degree
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
Foundation of Theory
- Educated during the empirical era in medicine & nursing which focused on patient needs
- Was introduced to physiologic principles during her graduate education, which were the foundation of her nursing care
- Most of her theory related to educating nurses to care in a more holistic manner
- The areas in which she worked helped her recognize the importance of increasing patient independence
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
"I say that nursing is helping the patient perform those activities of daily living or acts implied, that he would perform unaided if he had the strength, or the knowledge, and the will. And to do this in such a way that he will be independent of the nurse as soon as possible"
Nursing
Health
Individual
Environment
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
Henderson's 14 Activities for Client Assistance
1) Breathe normally
2) Eat and drink adequately
3) Eliminate body waste
4) Move and maintain desirable postures
5) Sleep and rest
6) Select suitable clothes - dress and undress
7) Maintain body temperature within normal range by adjusting clothing and modifying environment
8) Keep the body clean and well groomed and protect the integument
9) Avoid dangers in the environment and avoid injuring others
10) Communicate with others in expressing emotions, needs, fears or opinions
11) Worship according to one's faith
12) Work in such a way that there is a sense of accomplishment
13) Play or participate in various forms of recreation
14) Learn, discover, or satisfy the curiosity that leads to normal development and health, and use the available health facilities
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
- This theory can be applied to nursing practice because its foundation is to enhance the overall health and healing of a patient, as well as enhancing the nursing profession
- Nursing care can be based on the 14 components of this theory until the patient is able to accomplish them independently
- The theory is simple, straightforward and direct in its goal of promoting the basic human needs to promote health and independence of individuals
- All 14 components meet each stage of Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs
- Decreases hospital stays
- Useful in strengthening future nursing practice
- Client-centered approach to care
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
- Did not re-define the concepts of the metaparadigm that she based the theory off of
- No model
- The relationships between the 14 components are unclear
- 14 components are not written in testable terms
- Broad - not specific
(McEwen & Wills, 2019)
You are currently placed on the General Surgery unit (3CN) at the Saint John Regional Hospital for your clinical rotation. You are assigned to Mr. Brown, a 43-year-old male that underwent an appendectomy. He is currently one day post-op.
14 Components
Breathe normally
Eliminate body waste
Avoid dangers in environment & avoid injuring others
Eat & drink adequately
Move & maintain posture
Learn about normal development & health, and use available health facilities
Work with a sense of accomplishment
Keep body clean & well groomed
Dress & undress
Participate in various forms of recreation
Communicate with others to express emotions, needs, fears, or opinions
Sleep & rest
Maintain body temperature
Worship one's faith
McEwen, M., & Wills, E. (2019). Theoretical Basis for Nursing (5th
ed.). Wolters Kluwer, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.