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Surface and Deep Ocean Currents
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Surface and Deep Ocean Currents
Surface Currents
Surface Currents greatly affect the climate in many parts of trhe world. Surface currents carry warm water from the tropics to the poles, and brings cold water back to the equator. They can cool coastal land areas too!
Warm Water Currents
Warm water currents create warmer climates in areas that otherwise be cooler. The gulf stream is an example. It carries warm water from the tropics to the North Atlantic ocean. It then flows to the british Isles, creating a mild climate.
Three Factors that Influence Surface Currents
Continental Deflection
- Continental Deflection
- Global Winds
- Coriolis Effect
Continental deflection occurs when a surface current comes in contact with a large landmass.
Global Winds
Cold Water Currents
Global Winds blow in the same direction almost at all times, these winds affect surface currents.
Coriolis Effect
This is a term used to describe how Earth spinning on its axis deflect global winds and surface currents.
Cold water currents also affect the climate of the land where they flow. The California current carries cold water from the pacific ocean to Mexico. It keeps the climate along the west coast cooler than the inland climate.
Upwelling
- In most parts of the ocean, surface waters do not usually mix with deep ocean water. However, sometimes mixing occurs when wind causes upwelling. Upwelling is the movement of cold water upward from the deep ocean.
- Upwelling brings up tiny ocean organisms, minerals and other nutrients from the deep layers of the water. Without this motion, the surface waters would be very scarce in nutrients.
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