Copy of Unit 1: The World

I. Climate and Weather

Review Questions

Please write and answer the questions.

A. weather- the condition of the

atmosphere in one place over a short

period of time

B. climate- average weather conditions

measured over a specific period of

time

1. What are the 2 types of weathering?

2. What are the 6 elements of geography?

I. Our Solar System

Why is Geography important?

Can't we just

google it?

E. Uses of Geography

3. What is the equinox? Equinoxes usually

mark the _______________.

oversees trade agreements and settles trade disputes

A. Earth is a part of our solar system

B. 8 planets- Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars,

Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, & Neptune

C. Pluto & Ceres are dwarf planets

D. Inner planets are terrestrial b/c they have solid

crusts

E. Outer planets- giant gas planets

V. Economic Systems

1. planning & policy making

2. urban planning

3. Ecology

4. travel agent

Unit 1: The World

Chapter 3: Climates of the Earth

A. traditional economy- system in which tradition & custom control all economic activity

4. The _________ is the capacity of certain gases to trap heat thereby warming the Earth.

5. What are the elements of culture?

6. ________ is the wearing away of soil.

7. What are the 8 planets in our solar

system?

8. Name 2 dwarf planets.

B. market economy- system based on free enterprise, businesses are privately owned

C. Earth's Tilt, Rotation, & Revolution

1. Earth sits on an axis.

2. Earth completes 1 rotation in a 24 hour period

3. Earth's revolution determines the seasons

4. Northern and Southern hemispheres have

opposite seasons

5. equinox- when there are equal

hours of daytime and

nighttime

C. free enterprise- system in which private individuals or

groups have the right to own property or businesses &

make profit with limited government interference

I. Elements of Culture

II. Getting to know Earth

A. 70% water

B. hydrosphere- water areas of the Earth

5. used to provide insight into how

physical features & living things

developed in the past.

6. takes into account current trends

regarding physical & human

environment in order to plan for

future needs.

D. capitalism- system in which factors of production are privately owned

To know where we live

A. culture- way of life of a group

of people who share similar

ways of thinking, believing, &

living, expressed in common

elements or features

E. mixed economy- system of resource management in

which the government supports & regulates

enterprise through decisions that affect the

marketplace.

To analyze challenges of human activity

C. lithosphere- land; crusts, continents, &

ocean basins

D. atmosphere- gases that surround the

earth

Why do we study

geography?

VII. Bodies of Freshwater

A. 3% of the Earth's total water

supply is freshwater.

B. 2/3 is frozen in glaciers & ice caps

C. only 1% found in rivers, lakes, &

streams

3. geographers study how

physical features & processes of land, water, & climate interact w/ plants & animals that depend upon one another & their surroundings for survival

To learn more about the relationships among people, places and the environment

command economy- system of resource

management in which decisions about

production & distribution of goods &

services are made by a central

authority

Provide insight to how physical features developed in the past

To be able to locate places on a map

E. biosphere- part of the earth where life exists

F. continental shelf- underwater

extension of the coastal plain

Unit 1: The World

Chapter 4: The Human World

B. elements of culture- language, religion,

daily life, history, art, government,

technology, & economy

C. language

1. using language people communicate

information & experiences & pass on

cultural values & traditions

2. language families- large

groups of languages

D. Environment & Society

1. relationship b/w people & their

physical environment

2. understanding how the Earth's physical features & processes shape & are shaped by

human activity, geographers help societies make informed decisions about their relationship w/physical environment

1. United Nations (UN)- international organization

6. the equinoxes mark the

changes in the seasons

III. Earth's Structure

A. 3 layers- core, mantle, & the crust

1. core-

a. solid, very hot, made up of

iron & nickel

b. outer core- liquid; made up of

the same elements

2. mantle- thick layer of hot dense

rock

Unit 1: The World

Chapter 1

whose stated aims are facilitating

Unit 1: The World

Chapter 2: Planet Earth

cooperation in international law, security, economic development, etc.

II. The Greenhouse Effect

I. Globes and Map Projections

A. def- capacity of certain gases in the atmosphere

to trap heat, thereby warming the Earth

A. Globe- scale model of the Earth that

depicts properties such as area, distance,

and direction.

B. Map- flat representation of all or part of

the planet.

II. Determining Location

2. North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO)- defense alliance of 16 sovereign Euro-Atlantic countries dedicated to maintaining democratic

freedom

A. Location- answers the question where

1. absolute location- exact global address derived

from the latitude & longitude lines that intersect

at that place; fixed and unchanging

2. relative location- a reference point to

identify one place in relation to another;

changing

B. Influences on Weather

1. wind and water work together to affect

weather in an important way

2. precipitation that falls from the clouds

cool the earth

3. World Trade Organization

III. Climate Regions & Biomes

Welcome to

Geography

w/ similar roots

3. site- specific location of a place, including its physical setting.

III. Using Maps

4. situation- more general location, defined by a place's geographic position in relation to other places & its connections to other regions

D. religion

1. provides a sense of identity

2. influences many aspects of

daily life, from the practice of

moral values to the celebration

of holidays & festivals

3. crust- hard rocky shell forming the

Earth's surface; thin

A. biome- major type of ecological community defined by distinctive vegetation & animal groups

B. Tropical Climates

1. found in low latitude areas

2. tropical rain forests have an average daily

temperature of 80F; rains daily

3. Tropical wet/dry climates have high year

round temperatures

C. Dry climates

4. continental drift- the theory that the continents were once joined & then slowly drifted apart

A. Parts of a map

1. legend- key that explains the

meaning of various symbols used

on the map

2. compass rose- shows direction or

orientation

3. colors- distinguish different

elements on a map

4. scale- represents the proportional

measurements on the map & the

measurements of the Earth's

surface

power comes from the consent of the people

III. Places & Regions

A. place has physical & human significance

B. region is defined by physical traits

1. formal region- unifying characteristic such as a product

2. functional region- incorporates a central place & the

surrounding territory linked to it

3. perceptual region- region defined by popular feelings

images rather than objective data

C. Physical Systems & Human Systems

1. physical geography- climate, land, water, plants, &

animal life

2. human geography- aka cultural geography; analyzes human activities & their

relationship to the cultural & physical

environments

IV. Conflict and Cooperation

E. ethnic group- group of people who share

common ancestry, language, religion, customs, or

a place of origin

F. geographers analyze governments to help

understand culture

5. plate tectonics- term scientists use to describe the activities of continental drift & magma flow, which create many of Earth's physical features

A. Nationalism is one of the causes

for conflict.

B. Another reason for conflict is

terrorism

II. Cultural Change

A. cultural diffusion- spread of culture

traits, material, and non-material,

from one culture to another

B. Types of Maps

III. Population Growth

B. Types of Gov.

V. Quality & Limitations of

Geospatial Technologies

IV. Internal Forces of Change

A. colliding & spreading plates

1. form mountains when plates collide

2. subduction- process of heavier oceanic plates diving

below continental plates

3. accretion- slow process of oceanic plates sliding under

continental plates, creating debris that can cause

continents to grow outward

B. Folds and Faults

1. fault- crack or break in Earth's crust

2. fold- bend in layers of rock, sometimes

caused by plate movement

1. inspires fear; tries to maximize

the psychological impact

2. def- any violent & destructive act

committed to intimidate a people

or government

C. Alliances & Cooperation

A. 7 Billion people on Earth

B. birthrate- number of births per 1,000 people

1. autocracy- one person rules with unlimited power & authority

1. physical- shows location &

topography, or shape of the Earth's

land features

2. political map- provides boundaries &

locations of political units such as

countries, cities, & towns

3. thematic map- deals with a particular

theme or subject; focus on a single topic

C. Mental Maps

1. provide an effective method for answering &

remembering important geographical questions

about locations, characteristics, patterns, and

relationships of places & regions

2. based on an individual's perception of features

of the Earth's surface

C. deathrate- the number of deaths per 1,000

people

D. natural increase- the difference between an area's

birthrate and deathrate

2. monarchy- hereditary king or queen exercising supreme power

2. based on longitude, latitude, and

altitude

3. used to track size of earthquakes,

predict tsunamis, and migration

patterns of animals

A. Qualities (Advantages)

1. allow access to a wealth of information about

features & objects are in the world & where

those features & objects are located

2. helpful in navigating

3. excellent source of information because they

provide actual images & data

B. Limitations (Disadvantages)

1. can be limited due to their newness

2. does not help to answer the whys or why

care questions

VI. The (6) Elements of Geography

IV. Geospatial Technologies

A. Global Positioning Systems (GPS)

1. used to determine the exact, or absolute

location of a place on Earth

IV. Features of Government

3. oligarchy- form of government in which a small group holds power

C. Earthquakes and Volcanoes

1. form by the movement of plates

A. World in spatial terms

1. based on location & relationships

2. where is it?

4. theocracy- form of government

in which the ruler claims to receive

his power from a divine authority

A. Levels of Government

1. unitary system- government gives all power to a central gov.

2. federal system- government divides powers

b/w a national and state government

B. Geographic Information Systems

1. Computerized information systems used to

make maps and perform geographic analysis

2. primary & most important function of a GIS,

is to link location of a place with the

characteristics, or attributes found at that

location

C. Satellites

1. natural or human-made object that orbits a

planet or other large astronomical body

2. first human-made satellite was launched in

1957 by the former Soviet Union

3. remote sensing- science of gathering

information about an object w/o

physically touching the object

1. semi-arid (or steppe)

2. earthquakes form when the

tensions become too intense for

the rock lines

5. democracy- type of government in which

Review Questions

2. steppe- located away from oceans,

6 Elements of Geography

V. External Forces of Change

A. Weathering & Erosion

1. two types of weathering- physical & chemical

2. physical weathering occurs when larger rocks are broken

down into smaller rocks.

3. chemical weathering- changes the chemical

makeup of rocks

4. wind erosion carries dust, sand, & soil from one place

to another

5.plants help protect the land from wind erosion

Write and answer the questions on a separate sheet of paper.

or large bodies of water;

warm summers & bitter cold winters

3. deserts- very little rainfall; cold at night, hot during the day

A. location

B. Places & regions

C. Physical Systems

D. Human Systems

E. Environment & Society

F. Uses of Geography

B. Marine West Coast

1. What are the two types of location?

2. List two advantages of using geospatial

technologies.

VI. The Water Cycle

A. The total amount of water on Earth does not change,

but constantly moves

B. water cycle- regular movement of water

IV. Midlatitude & High- Latitude Climates

1. Chile, Australia, British

Isles, & Pacific coast of

NA

2. cool summers & cool, damp

winters

3. coniferous & deciduous

trees (mixed forests)

C. permafrost- permanently

frozen layer of soil beneath

the surface of the ground

A. Humid subtropical climates

1. short mild winters & nearlyyear-

round rain

2. praries, coniferous, & deciduous

trees

3. southeastern US, Japan

3. List the 4 components of maps.

4. _____ location is fixed and unchanging.

5. _____ location changes but provides the most information.

6. There are ____ types of regions. Name them.

7. ____ ____ is based on a unifying

characteristic such a common product.

8. A _____ _______ shows man-made

boundaries such as cities and towns.