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By Andy Sung / Cohort 04
Futurism
Digital Art
Post Impressionism
Cubism
Abstract Expressionism
Medieval Art
Romanticism
Rococo
Renaissance
Art Deco
Expressionism
Baroque
Contemporary Art
Neoclassicism
Impressionism
Production Design
Ranging from Christian and Byzantine, Gothic, Ottonian, Carolingian, and Anglo-Saxon and Viking, the medieval period's art were brought together by the Christian church. However, the sacred arts that were associated with the church also collected the artworks. Some work includes illuminated manuscripts, stained glass, sculptures, metalwork and mosaics. This work spread throughout Europe, but also into other places such as the Middle East and North Africa.
Detail of the Golden Madonna of Essen, 990 A.D.; Martin Engelbrecht
Christ of Mercy between the Prophets David and Jeremiah (between c. 1495 and c. 1500) by Diego de la Cruz; Diego de la Cruz
On the Left: Altar of Philip the Bold, Duke of Burgundy (Dijon Altarpiece) (1398) by Melchior Broederlam
On the Right: Presentation at the temple, Flight into Egypt (1398) by Melchior Broederlam
This era is where art really took off, as this period was filled with various forms such as paintings, sculptures, music, and architecture. This time, the art was more focused on the concept of man being an individual and different forms of nature; however, they did take lessons from Greece and Rome. This period was the most dominant in Europe, from Italy to the Netherlands.
The School of Athens by Raffaello Sanzio, 1509-1511
Mona Lisa by Leonardo da Vinci, 1504
Hercules and the Centaur Nessus by Giambologna, 1599
Doni Tondo by Michelangelo Buonarroti, 1506-1507
After the Renaissance, art began to take it's new roots with a great emphasis on drama. Every artist wanted to create a sense of emotional with their work with various colour palettes and unique shapes and patterns such as spirals and diagonals. The Catholic chruch had a big impact on the art in this period, covering most of Europe relating to the Counter-Reformation movement.
The Hall of Mirrors (c. 1678) by Jules Hardouin-Mansart
The Love Letter (c. 1669) by Johannes Vermeer
The Battle of the Amazons (c. 1617) by Peter Paul Rubens and Jan Bruegel the Elder
Judith Slaying Holofernes (c. 1612-1613) by Artemisa de Gentileschi
This art period felt like an extension of the Baroque period as it took the dramatic and theatrical aspect of that period and applied more asymmetric parts such as curves and bright colours. Having a big impact on France, but also spreading to other parts of Europe such as Italy, Germany and Russia, it was a time of painting, sculptures, and architecture in both an decorative and interior design.
South wing of Trier, Prince-electors palace built by Johannes Seiz (1756)
The Entrance to the Grand Canal (c. 1730) by Canaletto
The Happy Accidents of the Swing (1767) by Jean-Honoré Fragonard
The period of Neoclassicism was to put it simply a "return to order." During this, symmetry returned along with careful precison to create work that is inspired by the classic arts of the past. With architecture being formed from Greece and Rome influence of columns, it gave a sense of balance, self-control, and harmony. The roots may have come from Rome; however, it was popular enough to spread to France and Britain, even Russia and Germany.
Psyche Revived by Cupid’s Kiss (1787) by Antonio Canova
The Death of Marat (1793) by Jacques-Louis David
Details for Derby House in Grosvenor Square (1777) by Robert and James Adam
One of the more important art periods, Romanticism give a chance for artists to give a true and authentic view on the world because of it being so unpredictable and large. It also challenged the ideals from artists that were considered rational at the time, valuing emotion and senses more to guide them and their work. It was the beginning of the concept of a 'genius,' as art was becoming more recognized as a sign of brilliance within an individual. This was a movement that originated from France and Britain.
Liberty Leading the People (1830) by Eugène Delacroix
The Voyage of Life: Old Age (1842) by Thomas Cole
The Hunchback of Notre Dame (1831) by Victor Hugo
The hiker above the sea of fog (c. 1817) by Caspar David Friedrich.
Again, one of, if not the most popular art periods, Impressionism started in Paris, France due to it's increase of people and thus an effect on it's urban life and it's pace. A bright colour palette and the outside environment for the painter, changed the way that art was created. Now, everything from the background to the landscape were focused on, just as much as the main subject. As it break most of the conventional rules of art, this lead to a group of free thinkers using small brushstrokes and open composition that would go on to change how the world perceives the work that they do.
Boulevard Montmartre, Spring (1897) by Camille Pissarro
The Water-Lily Pond (1899) by Claude Monet
La Grenouillère (‘The Frog Pond’, 1869) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir
Bal du moulin de la Galette (‘Dance at Le Moulin de la Galette’, 1876) by Pierre-Auguste Renoir
As the name suggests, this is the period that took place after the inspirations of Impressionism. Artists continued to use techniques such as standout colours, thick brushstrokes, and living subjects, as this was the natural evolution of the previous art period. However, it was not all perfect, as some decided to present their own expressions by purposly making the work disorted and quite unatural looking using a different colour. The artists that became legends from this time such as Vincent van Gogh, were part of a small crowd that were seperated artists that came with an inspiration from the past.
A Sunday Afternoon on the Island of La Grande Jatte (1886) by Georges Seurat
Wheat Field with Cypresses (1889) by Vincent van Gogh
The Circus (1891) by Georges Seurat
The period of expressionism is what the word implies, artists viewed the world on a more subjective level rather than an objective one. Their work was more bold in order to celebrate a new version of beauty in a dual way with multiple textures, somewhat vivid yet lurid colours, and sweeping brush strokes. This was all in a response to a world that was consistently changing, beginning from a small group of individuals in Germany and Austria.
The Cyclist (1913) by Natalia Goncharova
The Scream (1910) by Edvard Munch
Street, Berlin (1913) by Ernst Ludwig Kirchner
A very influential period in art that had famous individuals such as Pablo Picasso lead the charge. They got their ideas from the Post Impressionism time that had the vision of multiple viewpoints but in a single frame. This fragmented style had forms overlap each other and creating the image in different angles to show it's different sides. This idea of tricking the visual sense of a person was an abstract yet creative movement. Starting in Paris, this period took the world by storm with it's works.
Rythme, Joie de vivre (1930) by Robert Delaunay
Portrait of Pablo Picasso (1912) by Juan Gris
Still Life before an Open Window, Place Ravignan (1915) by Juan Gris
Coming right out of Cubism, the artwork and sculptures from this time were still taking on the forms of various shapes and viewpoints; however, integrating them with the concept of dynamic life full of joy and excitement. The foundation sprouting from Italy, they focused on creating a modern vision of the future using technologies in cities and vehicles.
La città che sale (‘The City Rises’, 1910) by Umberto Boccioni
Unique Forms of Continuity in Space (1913) by Umberto Boccioni
Battle of Lights, Coney Island, Mardi Gras (c. 1913-1914) by Joseph Stella
With Futurism paving the way for the modern world of artworks and inspiration, the works in this period had been around newly crafted luxury items, and designed fashion. One could describe this time as an exotic era of stylized forms represented power and wealth. It had a big part in advertising the works throughout and even in set design.
F. Champenois Imprimeur-Editeur (1897) Alphonse Mucha
Valentine Girl (1928) by Edward Mason Eggleston
Tipsy (1930) by Kobayakawa Kiyoshi
Chrysler Building lobby on 42nd street entrance, central elevator bank with art deco illumination
Throughout the artistic periods, a great amount of inspiration came from Europe, especially the method of creating something abstract. This time, the artists rejected all notion of realism and focused on applying colours and textures for the maximum amount of expressions from their work. Some would just simply let paint drip in circles on the page while others allowed their free hand to carry the flow of the brush. This was the start of a new root as most abstract artists were based in New York City and used this time to depict their subconscious thoughts into something physical.
Crooked Run (1944) by Arshile Gorky
Rock Bottom (1960-1961) by Joan Mitchell
Garden in Sochi (1940-1941) by Arshile Gorky
The latest art period that utlizies the traditional forms of artistic design, just like some of the previous times, coventional rules are broken and the meanings are very open to the viewer. Contemporary art brings in the discussion of modern news, politics, and culture and presents them in a way that everyone can absorb differently.
Whaam! (1963) diptych by Roy Lichtenstein
Puppy (1992) by Jeff Koons
A Portrait of Self Destruction (after Caravaggio) (2017) by Michal Cole
As our society becomes more advanced everyday, so does our views on art. Digital art is one of the newest ways that artists express their feelings towards the world and about themselves. Using technology such as computer's with drawing pads and electronic subjects, the artists manage to evolve a concept that was so used to traditional methods. It also allowed the creation of fluid animation where now the drawings are more detailed than ever due to the smart AI and precision of a digital pen to guide the individual.
Bored Ape (2021) by GeeGaza
Disintegration (2019) by Bryan Coleman
Deliberation (2013) by Mario Sanchez Nevado