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CDE - Agency List for Families of Students with Disabilities:

https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/spedparents-agencylist

Low Incidence Disabilities

High Incidence Disabilities

  • Autism
  • Specific Learning Disability
  • Traumatic Brain Injury

-- Dyslexia

-- Dysgraphia

  • Multiple Disabilities

-- Dyscalcula

  • Orthopedic Impairments
  • Speech/Language Impairment

-- Speech Impairments

  • Visual Impairments Including Blindness

-- Language Disorders

  • Hearing Impairments Including Deafness
  • Serious Emotional Disability
  • Developmental Disabilities
  • Mild Intellectual Disability

Table

of

Contents

Students with

Special Needs

Other Than Disabilities

Early Childhood

Education

Special Education

  • Students at Risk Due to Trauma
  • Culture and Linguistic Diversity
  • Gifted and Talented

High Incidence Disabilities

What Are High-Incidence Disabilities?

  • Include speech/language disabilities, learning disabilities, emotional disturbance, and mild intellectual disabilities

  • Make up more than 80 percent of students with disabilities

  • Hard to distinguish from peers

  • May have combination of behavioral, social, and emotional problems

  • Benefit from systematic, highly structured learning environments

Specific Learning Disability (SLD)

Specific Learning Disability

"SLD"

Definition:

A disorder in one or more of the basic psychological processes involved in understanding or in using language, spoken or written, that may manifest itself in the imperfect ability to listen, think, speak, read, write, spell or do mathematical calculations.

(CDE, 2022)

Dyslexia

Dyslexia

Interventions

A specific learning disability that is neurobiological in origin. It is characterized by difficulties with accurate and/ or fluent word recognition and by poor spelling and decoding abilities.

  • Use large print text for worksheets
  • Use audiobooks
  • Provide notes from teacher so that the student can listen to lectures.
  • Eliminate copying and note taking
  • Highly structured phonics program

Characteristics

  • Poor spelling
  • Limited vocabulary
  • Often cannot remember sight words (they, were, does) or homonyms (their, they're, there)
  • Difficulty writing the alphabet in order
  • Difficulty putting thoughts onto paper, dreads writing papers, memos, and letters

Website Resources & References

The Dyslexia Foundation | https://dyslexiafoundation.org/

Top 10 print awareness apps - reading rockets. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2022, from

https://www.readingrockets.org/pdfs/Top_PrintAwareness_Apps_Sept2012.pdf

Educationalappstore. (2022, February 4). 7 best reading comprehension apps - download now.

Educational App Store. Retrieved March 2, 2022, from

https://www.educationalappstore.com/best-apps/best-reading-comprehension-apps

How to teach students with dyslexia? 14 evidence-based tips. (n.d.). Retrieved March 2, 2022, from

https://www.positiveaction.net/blog/how-to-teach-students-with-dyslexia

Really Great Reading - Specialists in Reading Education | https://www.reallygreatreading.com

Movies/Video Clips

Bria Burns Dyslexia Presentation | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jWMKP7jfi-I

Daysha Mendez Dyslexia Presentation | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=6mBKP3XJDAs

What is Dyslexia? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zafiGBrFkRM

Susan Nolan teaching an Orton Gillingham lesson with a dyslexic child | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=zZgS8Ij1Ltg

How to Teach Students With Dyslexia? 14 Evidence-Based Tips | https://www.positiveaction.net/blog/how-to-teach-students-with-dyslexia

Dysgraphia

Dysgraphia

Interventions

Characterized by the person having difficulty converting the sounds of language into written form (phonemes into graphemes), or knowing which alternate spelling to use for each sound. Experts are not sure what causes it, but early treatment can help prevent or reduce problems.

Characteristics

  • Direct instruction in handwriting

  • Consider occupational interventions for posture and hand position

  • Pencil grips or binders to prop up paper

  • Teach typing to supplement or in place of handwriting

  • Break up writing into different stages (brainstorming, drafting, etc.)
  • Trouble with fine-motor skills

  • Visual spatial awareness

  • Trouble with spelling and handwriting

  • Trouble with language processing

  • Poor spacing between letters and words

  • Letter and number reversals beyond early stages of writing

Website Resources & References

What is dysgraphia? | https://www.understood.org/en/articles/understanding-dysgraphia

Understanding Dysgraphia | https://dyslexiaida.org/understanding-dysgraphia/

National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke | https://www.ninds.nih.gov/health-information/disorders/dysgraphia

Dysgraphia | https://www.sciencedirect.com/topics/neuroscience/dysgraphia

Creating a Dysgraphia-Friendly Classroom | https://www.edutopia.org/article/creating-dysgraphia-friendly-classroom

Movies/Video Clips

Mahexabel Garcia Nunez Dysgraphia Presentation | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1zKNHSb_PcJUmqjmr4vG42rEQ_joHBfij/view

What Is Dysgraphia? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jmBg_BvDL-c

Supporting Students with Dysgraphia | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HPMaxsSJMwI

Writing Strategies for the Reluctant Writer, Including Dysgraphia | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=GUacAG4jDjo

How I fixed my Dysgraphia | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=q0WkTVH-UaA

Dyscalcula

Dyscalculia

Interventions

A specific learning disability that affects an individual's ability to do basic arithmetic such as addition, subtraction, multiplication and division.

Characteristics

  • Provide them with a calculator

  • Allow extra time on tests

  • Use graph paper during math class

  • Provide a list of important formulas, times tables or math facts

  • Teach strategies with pneumonic steps– STAR: Search the word problem, Translate into a picture or word, Answer the problem, Review the solution and check for reasonableness
  • Have difficulty recognizing numbers

  • Delayed in learning to count

  • Struggle to connect numerical symbols (5) with their corresponding words (five)

  • Have difficulty recognizing patterns and placing things in order

  • Lose track when counting

Website Resources & References

How to Spot Dyscalculia | https://childmind.org/article/how-to-spot-dyscalculia/

Dyscalulia.org | https://www.dyscalculia.org

What Is Dyscalculia? Math Learning Disability Overview | https://www.additudemag.com/what-is-dyscalculia-overview-and-symptom-breakdown/

Learning Disabilities Association of America | https://ldaamerica.org/disabilities/dyscalculia/

Dyscalculia Primer and Resource Guide | https://www.oecd.org/education/ceri/dyscalculiaprimerandresourceguide.htm

Movies/Video Clips

What Is Dyscalculia? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HVf_OHK2hHQ

My World Without Numbers | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=rlPFv_EDnvY

The Assessment of a Math Disorder: A Focus on Dyscalculia | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T41TOM6sOuc

Dyscalculia: Teaching Strategies & Modifications | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BWaam8s9wSs

Dyscalculia: Early Warning Signs and Symptoms | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IFoKyHxi3bM

Speech/Language Impairment

Speech Impairment

&

Language Disorder

Definition:

a communication disorder, such as stuttering, impaired articulation, a language impairment, or a voice impairment, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

Speech Impairment

Speech Impairment

Interventions

A condition in which a person has problems creating or forming the speech sounds needed to communicate with others

Characteristics

  • Allow students to complete modified work with the same learning objective

  • Focus on your students' strengths instead of their weaknesses

  • Set a daily routine for your student to follow, with a visual reminder

  • Speak directly to a student and model correct speech patterns

  • Provide visual examples
  • Stuttering

  • Sounds may be distorted and come off sounding inaccurate

  • Lacking accurate movements when speaking

  • Trouble understanding and processing what is said by others

  • Inappropriate grammatical patterns

Website Resources & References

What is a speech impairment? | https://www.washington.edu/doit/what-speech-impairment

Speech impairment: Types and health effects | https://www.webmd.com/brain/what-to-know-about-speech-impairment

Educational Resources for Speech or Language Impairments | https://do2learn.com/disabilities/CharacteristicsAndStrategies/SpeechLanguageImpairment_Strategies.html

Speech impairment (SI) | https://www.fldoe.org/academics/exceptional-student-edu/ese-eligibility/speech-impairment-si.stml

Speech Disorders Factsheet (for Schools) | https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/speech-factsheet.html

Movies/Video Clips

Interventions for Speech Sound Disorders in Children | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=BLuZdiX7Wrg

Examples of different levels of severity in Childhood Apraxia of Speech (CAS) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cEOy3APLA-g

Overview of possible causes and types of problems in speech development | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=7E21w4CiyJs

Occupational Video - Speech-Language Pathologist | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vJBersnAqQM

4 Tips for Better Communication for those with Speech Impairment | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T_gjoGZVH0o

Language Disorder

Language Disorder

Interventions

A condition where a person has difficulties learning, using, and/or understanding spoken or written language

  • Utilize Language Experience Programs that integrate listening, speaking, reading and writing.

  • Utilize multi-sensory modes of teaching which include visual, auditory, kinesthetic and tactile components

  • Provide ample opportunities in communicating.

  • Avoid drawing attention to or correcting errors the student makes

  • Provide the student with sentence completion tasks

Characteristics

  • Difficulty following directions or repeating sentences

  • Uses sentences with grammar errors

  • Difficulty with social interactions

  • Difficulty with reading, writing, or math

  • Speaks only simple sentences

Website Resources & References

LANGUAGE DISORDERS: RECOMMENDATIONS FOR TEACHERS | https://www.education.udel.edu/wp-content/uploads/2013/01/LanguageDisorders.pdf

Helping Children with Communication Disorders in the Schools | https://www.readingrockets.org/article/helping-children-communication-disorders-schools

Language Disorders Factsheet (for Schools) | https://kidshealth.org/en/parents/language-factsheet.html

Written Language Disorders: Intervention Target Areas | https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/written-language-disorders/intervention-target-areas/

Speech-Language Intervention Strategies | https://classroom.synonym.com/speechlanguage-intervention-strategies-7618576.html

Movies/Video Clips

Taylor Bacon's Language Disorder Presentation | https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/c3ennwVbNuW

Developmental Language Disorder - Boys Town National Research Hospital Web | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YOzwGL4_vBg

Living with Developmental Language Disorder (DLD) - DLDandMe.org | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=KrOISXtCgVA

Understanding language disorders | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lIdyZgsKchY

Supporting Developmental Language Disorders in the Classroom | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PKegRlHFqH4

Serious Emotional Disability

Definition:

Students with serious emotional disabilities are diverse learners with needs in the areas of:

• Social Skills Training (relationships, problem-solving, focusing, conflict resolution, self-advocating, building support systems)

• Emotional regulation training (impulse control, anger management, anxiety and depression management, coping with trauma, increasing frustration tolerance)

• Behavioral supports (functional behavior assessments, behavior intervention plans, accommodations)

Serious Emotional Disability

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Anxiety Disorders

  • Bipolar Disorder

  • Depression

  • Conduct Disorder

  • Eating Disorders

  • Obsessive Compulsive Disorder

  • Psychotic Disorders
  • Positive Behavioral Interventions & Support

  • Keep class rules/activities simple and clear

  • Reward positive behaviors

  • Allow for mini-breaks

  • Use motivational strategies

Specific Serious Emotional Disabilities

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Positive Behavioral Interventions & Supports | https://www.pbis.org/

Serious emotional disability (SED). CDE SPED | https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-emotional

Behavioral Disorders | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-5nxOM1RcY

Emotional Disturbance NICHCY Disability Fact Sheet | https://www.isbe.net/Documents/emotional-disturbance.pdf

OSEP fast facts: Children identified with emotional disturbance amongst students | https://sites.ed.gov/idea/osep-fast-facts-children-IDed-Emotional-Disturbance-20

Integrating Trauma-Informed Practices within Your School Wide PBIS Framework | http://flpbis.cbcs.usf.edu/other/mental_health.html

Movies/Video Clips

Serious Emotional Disability Presentation by Rafael EnnsFigueroa | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SDIJ5TB0I4E

Behavioral Disorders | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=b-5nxOM1RcY

Serious Emotional Disability Quality Indicators | https://vimeo.com/299703562

Supporting Individuals with Emotional and Behavior Disorders in Community-Based Programs | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=mVcaGpKiNuc

Teaching Emotionally Disturbed (Behavior) Students | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=yfOYlqlEgP4

Mild Intellectual Disability

Definition:

Intellectual disability involves problems with general mental abilities that affect functioning in two areas:

Intellectual functioning (such as learning, problem solving, judgement).

Adaptive functioning (activities of daily life such as communication and independent living).

Mild Intellectual Disability

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Inability to pay attention in class

  • Involuntary movements

  • Have a harder time following complex directions

  • Struggle to complete assignments/homework

  • Academic delays in reading, writing, math, science, and social studies
  • Allow for the use of fidget toys and wobble chairs

  • Additional assistance with complex directions

  • Respond with care and acknowledgement of a child's disability

  • Encourage peers to interact and assist their classmates

  • Work on solutions to help your student instead of punishing them for their disability

  • Brain breaks

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Facts About Intellectual Disability in Children | https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/childdevelopment/facts-about-intellectual-disability.html

Intellectual disability. Center for Parent Information and Resources | https://www.parentcenterhub.org/intellectual/#:~:text=Encourage%20independence%20in%20your%20child,span%2C%20and%20abilities%20in %20mind

Clinical Characteristics of Intellectual Disabilities | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK332877/

What You Should Know About Intellectual Disability | https://www.healthline.com/health/intellectual-disability

Causes & Effects of Intellectual Disability | https://www.dbinstitute.com/disorders/intellectual-disability/causes-symptoms/

Movies/Video Clips

Students with Disabilities Share Advice for Educators | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWafXZ05PRk

Intellectual Disability | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=K6WmGhY8Q41

Students with an Intellectual Disability Share Their College Experience | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=HpnQQ1wc4x0

Talks to Me: Treating People with Intellectual Disabilities with Respect | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nc9aAY6-ujQ

Youth with Developmental Disabilities Discussion and Introduction of Dr Haleigh Scott | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kUZyGKZ5Hsk

Low Incidence Disabilities

Students with Low-Incidence Disabilities

  • Represent less than 20 percent of all students with disabilities

  • Have usually received some type of special education services since early in life

  • Need the same type of attention from teachers as other students

Autism

A developmental disability that can cause significant social, behavioral, and communication challenges.

  • Spectrum refers to the disorders wide range of symptoms and levels of impairment.

  • More than half of diagnosed cases are accompanied with an intellectual ,or some other form of, disability.

  • Those on the autism spectrum have average ability, with some being gifted or talented

Autism

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Struggles to understand how others are thinking or feeling

  • Struggles to communicate how they feel

  • Upset over changes in schedule

  • Keen interest in a specific subject or activity

  • Preferring to be on their own

  • Taking things literally, such as difficulty understanding figurative language
  • Establish a Clear and Visual Routine

  • Communicate Changes in Routine

  • Allow stimming

  • Keep Instructions Direct, Calm, and Clear

  • Limiting Choices

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

CDE: Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) | https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-autism

Autism spectrum disorder: communication problems in children | https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/autism-spectrum-disorder-communication-problems-children

How to Work With Students With Autism in the Art Room | https://theartofeducation.edu/2016/01/11/how-to-work-with-students-with-autism-in-the-art-room/

Tips to consider when including a student with ASD in art, music, or physical education | https://www.iidc.indiana.edu/irca/articles/tips-to-consider-when-including-a-student-with-asd-in-art-music-or-physical-education.html.

Understanding nonspeaking autism | https://www.healthline.com/health/autism/nonverbal-autism

Repetitive behaviors and ‘stimming’ in autism, explained | https://www.spectrumnews.org/news/repetitive-behaviors-and-stimming-in-autism-explained/

Four faces of overstimulation | https://autismspectrumnews.org/four-faces-of-overstimulation/

Signs of autism in children | https://www.nhs.uk/conditions/autism/signs/children/

CDC: What is autism spectrum disorder | https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/autism/facts.html

Movies/Video Clips

Communication in autism, Dr. Rhea Paul | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aIaIR28iT-8

What to know about repetitive behaviors in autism | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2LhI23QPoi8&t=121s

Why everything you know about autism is wrong - Jac den Houting | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=A1AUdaH-EPM

What is Autism? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Lk4qs8jGN4U

Fast Facts About Autism For Kids (World Autism Awareness Day) | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dUbsyd8Fnyw

Traumatic Brain Injury

Definition:

External physical force that results in an injury that affects functional ability or psychosocial abilities.

  • Whiplash, contact with an external object, open or closed injury

Traumatic means that there is an impairment in one or more areas

  • cognition; language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking; judgment; problem-solving; sensory, perceptual, and motor abilities; psychosocial behavior; physical functions; information processing; and speech
  • Excludes congenital, degenerative or birthing trauma

Traumatic means that the impairment adversely affects the child's ability to receive reasonable educational benefit in general education.

Traumatic Brain Injury

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Headaches

  • Dizziness

  • Memory problems

  • Disorientation

  • Nausea and Vomiting
  • Break down complex tasks

  • Use visual reminders

  • Limit words when giving instruction

  • Limiting highly stimulating Environments

  • Provide clear expectations and structure

Building Blocks of Brain Development

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Classroom Interventions for Students with Traumatic Brain Injuries | https://www.brainline.org/article/classroom-interventions-students-traumatic-brain-injuries

Overview of Traumatic Brain Injury | https://www.physio-pedia.com/Overview_of_Traumatic_Brain_Injury

CDE: Traumatic Brain Injury (TBI) | https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-tbi

Brain Injury in Children and Youth: A Manual for Educators | https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/tbi_manual_braininjury

ASHA: Pediatric Traumatic Brain Injury | https://www.asha.org/practice-portal/clinical-topics/pediatric-traumatic-brain-injury/

Movies/Video Clips

Michael Whight- A Fourth Grade Student with TBI Impairments | https:/youtu.be/062Hubp6z0

Building Blocks of Brain Development | https://youtu.be/82Nbhise

Understanding Traumatic Brain Injury | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Wl4-nNOGJ0

The Little Bird Who Forgot How To Fly: Caring For A Child With Traumatic Brain Injury | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3nWYPLu9kNg

What are the characteristics of a traumatic brain injury? | Spring Hill Personal Injury Lawyer | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2ZNKpfajTjs&t=1s

Multiple Disabilities

Definition:

A child with Multiple Disabilities shall have two or more areas of significant impairment, one of which shall be an Intellectual Disability. The other areas of impairment include Orthopedic Impairment; Visual Impairment, including Blindness; Hearing Impairment, including Deafness; Speech or Language Impairment; Serious Emotional Disability; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Traumatic Brain Injury; or Other Health Impaired.

Multiple Disabilities

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

An intellectual disability along with 1 or more of the following disabilities:

  • Orthopedic Impairment (Bones, joints, and/or muscles)
  • Visual Impairment including blindness
  • Hearing Impairment including deafness
  • Speech or Language Impairment
  • Serious Emotional Disability
  • Autism Spectrum Disorder
  • Traumatic Brain Injury
  • Mental retardation
  • Locomotor disabilities
  • Providing a multi-disciplinary team that consists of parents, educational specialists, medical specialists, that include occupational therapists, speech and language therapists.

  • Schools and home must be made easily accessible.

  • Assistive technology can be an effective tool for students with multiple disabilities in overcoming functional and communicative limitations.

Such as mobility aids (wheelchairs, scooters, walkers, etc.), hearing aids (Ear canal or cochlear), cognitive aids (Computers, tablets, electrical appliances, etc.), sensory stimulation (Visual, auditory, tactile, gustatory and olfactory)

  • Provide exposure to a wide variety of literacy materials,

  • Create routines

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Instructional Strategies for Students with Multiple Disabilities | https://www.pathstoliteracy.org/instructional-strategies-students-multiple-disabilities

Project IDEAL - Multiple Disabilities | http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/multiple-disabilities/

Colorado Department of Education. (2019, August 22). Multiple Disabilities. Retrieved from https://www.cde.state.co.us/cdesped/sd-multiple

Teaching Students with Multiple Disabilities | https://www.teachingvisuallyimpaired.com/students-with-multiple-disabilities.html

UNDERSTANDING AND SUPPORTING LEARNERS WITH DISABILITIES - Multiple Disabilities | https://granite.pressbooks.pub/understanding-and-supporting-learners-with-disabilities/chapter/multiple-disabilities/

Movies/Video Clips

Transition resources for students with multiple disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=-sAp6SgdKDA

Helping Your Child with Multiple Disabilities Engage with the World Around Them | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qkfhsr3gX90

Supporting Students with Severe/Multiple Disabilities: What Paraeducators Need to Know & Do | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JwctNEOR4m0

Early Literacy for Students with Multiple Disabilities or Deafblindness | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=u3bL99iEhcM

Some tips for working with students who have multiple disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=2_pKLr-BeiM

Orthopedic Impairments

Definition:

A child with an orthopedic impairment has a severe neurological/muscular/skeletal abnormality that impedes mobility, which prevents the child from receiving reasonable educational benefit from general education.

Orthopedic Impairment

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Paralysis, unsteady gait, poor muscle control, loss of a limb, etc. (causes limited mobility)

  • Difficulty with speech production and expressive language

  • Limited ability to perform daily living activities

  • Difficulty with large motor skills and fine motor skills.

  • Problems using hands, arms, and legs
  • Special seating arrangements, larger tables

  • Note-taking assistance

  • Instruction focused on impairments in and the improvement of gross and fine motor skills

  • Securing assistive technology and augmentative communication devices

  • Extended time to complete assignments

3 Types of Orthopedic Impairments

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Teaching students with Disabilities: Orthopedic Impairment | https://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/publication/ WC262

How orthopedic impairments affect special needs students

education | https://www.verywellfamily.com/what-is-orthopedic-impairment-2162506

Orthopedic impairment. Ohio Department of Education | https://education.ohio.gov/Topics/Special-Education/Students-with-Disabilities/Orthopedic-Impairment

Orthopedic Impairment Characteristics - Classroom Modifications & Assisstive Technology | https://www.brighthubeducation.com/special-ed-physical-disabilities/71266-common-classroom-modifications-for-students-with-orthopedic-impairments/

Project Ideal - Orthopedic Impairments | http://www.projectidealonline.org/v/orthopedic-impairments/

Movies/Video Clips

Madison Perry - Orthopedic Impairment Presentation | https://screencast-o-matic.com/watch/c3eonzVFxnG

Transition for Orthopedically Impaired Students in Episode 126 | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=T2WTHqEhpvk

Let’s change the way we think about disability | Joel Dembe | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=pFHOCc6Z8Ig

Learning Strategies and Materials for Orthopedic impaired student | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XxmMgiZAJ88

Orthopedic Impairment: Definition & Characteristics | https://study.com/academy/lesson/orthopedic-impairment-definition-characteristics.html#quiz-course-links

Visual Impairments Including Blindness

Visual Impairment,

Including Blindness

Definition:

An impairment in vision that even when corrected adversely affects a child’s educational performance. Including partial sight and blindness

Visual Impairment, Including Blindness

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Eyes that don’t move together when following an object or a face

  • Crossed eyes, eyes that turn out or in, eyes that flutter from side to side or up and down, or eyes that do not seem to focus

  • Eyes that bulge, dance, or bounce in rapid rhythmic movements

  • Pupils that are unequal in size or that appear white instead of black

  • Repeated shutting or covering of one eye

  • Frequent squinting, blinking, eye-rubbing, or face crunching, especially when there’s no bright light present

  • Read aloud using stories and books that are interesting and appropriate for the child

  • Provide support to develop social norms and behaviors

Example: distance when talking to others, facing someone who is talking

  • Keep classroom arrangements consistent and give the student time to familiarize with the layout

  • Be very clear in spoken language and talk through everything (e.g; writing on board, students names)

  • Consider accommodating time for assignments when necessary

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Strategies for Teaching Students Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired | https://www.pathstoliteracy.org/strategies-teaching-students-who-are-blind-or-visually-impaired

Treatment of visual impairment | https://www.news-medical.net/health/Treatment-of-visual-impairment.aspx

Modern Retina - Visual cycle metabolites: Cause of AMD? | https://www.modernretina.com/view/visual-cycle-metabolites-cause-amd

Eriksons stages of psychosocial development | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK556096/

World Health Organization - Vision Impairment and blindness | https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/blindness-and-visual-impairment

Movies/Video Clips

Visual Impairment Strategies: Moving From Object Activities to Contracted Braille | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WXdDBAHh3eM

Developing Social Skills in Children Who Are Blind or Visually Impaired with Sharon Sacks | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=H_m0ESrkQkY

Intervention and Teaching Strategies for Visually Impaired - Introduction | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=86PNPBXhVBs

Strategies for Assessing and Teaching Students with Visual and Multiple Disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=X34jC73JihY

Early Years Tactile Resources | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j1VSSnbE67Q

Hearing Impairments Including Deafness

Hearing Impairments, Including Deafness

Definition:

Hearing Impairment - An impairment in hearing, whether permanent or fluctuating, that adversely affects a child's educational performance.

Deafness - A hearing impairment that is so severe that the child is impaired in processing linguistic information through hearing, with or without amplification, that adversely affects a child’s educational performance.

Deaf students cannot process linguistic information regardless of hearing aids.

Hearing Impairments Including Deafness

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Difficult with understanding language
  • Vocabulary
  • Subtle Meanings
  • Language Contexts
  • May also have Speech Difficulties

  • Social and Emotional Maturity
  • Difficulty with Interactions
  • Etiquette

  • Will usually exhibit some form of articulation difficulty

  • Increases with age

  • Twice as likely for men than women
  • Speech Reading
  • Face students when presenting
  • Use Smartboards vs. Chalkboards

  • Use Visual Aids

  • Avoid exaggerating sounds or words

  • Assign a safety buddy

  • Learn ASL

  • Provide written notes/Instructions

Deaf

Culture

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Deafness and Hearing Loss | Center for Parent Information and Resources | https://www.parentcenterhub.org/hearingloss/#:%7E:text=Deafness%20is%20defined%20as%20%E2%80%9Ca,or%20most%20of%20its%20forms

Deafness and hearing loss - WHO | https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/deafness-and-hearing-loss

DO-IT Disabilities, Opportunities, Internetworking, and Technology | https://www.washington.edu/doit/deaf-or-hard-hearing#:%7E:text=Often%2C%20people%20who%20have%20very,or%20who%20are%20%22hearing%20impaired

Reading Between the Signs: Intercultural Communication for Sign Language Interpreters 3rd Edition (3rd ed.) | https://www.nidcd.nih.gov/health/statistics/quick-statistics-hearing

Recognizing Characteristics of Deafness and Hearing Loss in Students | https://www.thoughtco.com/recognizing-characteristics-of-deafness-3110771

Movies/Video Clips

Katie Weaver - Hearing Imparments, Including Deafness Presentation | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1wf8UQ9A6TfNRk70Ns9JVVE4wEeqHsR6a/view

Support for deaf children: Teacher of the Deaf | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=VAKQeq7nPR4

Hearing Loss Treatment is Life-Changing | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Kyus00pZMJo

Providing Services and Accommodations for Deaf and Hard of Hearing Students in a Mainstream Setting | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=NSHRQRsvFYs

How do deaf or hard of hearing children learn to read? | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=4b8AVDYOpDE

Making Education Accessible to Deaf Children | Nyle DiMarco | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=U_Q7axl4oXY

Developmental Disabilities

Definition:

A group of conditions due to an impairment in physical, learning, language, or behavior areas. These conditions begin during the developmental period, may impact day-to-day functioning, and usually last throughout a person’s lifetime.

Developmental Disabilities

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Attributable to a mental or physical impairment or a combination of mental or physical impairments

  • Is manifested before the person attains age 21

  • Is likely to continue indefinitely

  • Results in substantial functional limitations in three or more of the following areas of major life activity:
  • self-care
  • receptive and expressive language
  • learning
  • mobility
  • self-direction
  • capacity for independent living
  • economic self-sufficiency

  • Reflects the person's need for a combination and sequence of special, interdisciplinary, or generic care, treatment or other services which are of lifelong or extended duration and are individually planned or coordinated.
  • Use visual cues

  • Post a clear and predictable daily schedule

  • Build student motivation

  • Make learning expectations clear

  • Provide structural opportunity

  • Help generalize learning

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

CDC - Facts About Developmental Disabilities | https://www.cdc.gov/ncbddd/developmentaldisabilities/facts.html

Overview of Developmental Disabilities | https://www.dshs.wa.gov/sites/default/files/DDA/dda/documents/1163/Chapter%202%20RSC%204%20Toolkit%20fundamentals.pdf

Teaching Children With Developmental Disabilities: Classroom Ideas | https://www.interventioncentral.org/behavioral-interventions/special-needs/teaching-children-developmental-disabilities-classroom-ideas

Classroom Ideas for Teaching Children with Developmental Disabilities | https://www.integrityinc.org/classroom-ideas-for-teaching-children-with-developmental-disabilities/

Developmental Disability in the Classroom | https://classful.com/developmental-disability-in-the-classroom/

Movies/Video Clips

Kensey Laird - Developmental Disabilities Presentation | https://drive.google.com/file/d/1vO6n5qoRzSSegrD9mVRpDw4UdpUlPOW0/view

Understanding and Supporting People with Developmental Disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lAikwtrIm2c

Five Models of Thinking about Developmental Disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=WsXLWrgF0Q8&feature=emb_imp_woyt

Baby Steps: "Learn the Signs. Act Early." | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=9Ithxd5KWhw&t=1s

STEM, Social Skills and Students with Developmental Disabilities | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=LSmuk2xd5EM

Students with

Special Needs

Other Than Disabilities

Students with Special Needs Other Than Disabilities

  • Those not eligible for special education services who have needs that put their learning at risk

  • They benefit from the same strategies used for students with disabilities

  • They represent today’s diverse student population

  • They do need specialized help

  • It’s not that they “should be” in special education

  • They are at risk due to unique needs, backgrounds, and experiences

Students at Risk

Due to Trauma

Students at Risk Due to Trauma

Definition:

Children who are exposed to trauma run the risk of facing negative long-term effects that include mental illness, depression, and anxiety. Academic performance, school attendance, and overall intelligence are affected by exposure to trauma.

Students at Risk Due to Trauma

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • At risk - those who have been exposed to some condition or situation that negatively affects their learning

  • Those who are not achieving due to any reason that prevents their learning

  • They can succeed in school, often by using INCLUDE strategies

  • A pattern of success can carry them through high school

  • Many students with disabilities are also at risk
  • Set high but realistic expectations

  • Avoid tracking

  • Use well-planned groups

  • Use peer partners (PALS)

  • Collaborate with other professionals

  • Support family and community

  • Trauma informed practices

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

How Trauma Affects Student Learning and Behaviour | https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ1230675.pdf

Responding to Students with PTSD in Schools | https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3287974/

Five Ways to Support Students Affected by Trauma | https://greatergood.berkeley.edu/article/item/five_ways_to_support_students_affected_by_trauma

PREPARING SCHOOLS TO MEET THE NEEDS OF STUDENTS COPING WITH TRAUMA AND TOXIC STRESS | https://annenberg.brown.edu/sites/default/files/EdResearch_for_Recovery_Brief_17.pdf

Supporting Students Affected by Trauma | https://education.wm.edu/centers/hope/publications/infobriefs/documents/Trauma%20Brief.pdf

Movies/Video Clips

Looking at Strategies in the Classroom to Support Students | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lnG6rqqCBKQ

Intro to the Trauma Sensitive Schools: Professional Development System | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=46AKgQmVcr0

Trauma Sensitive Practice in Schools | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5ijW0oDDpao

Getting Started With Trauma-Informed Practices | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=eWIV3wWygS4

Becoming Trauma Informed Changed My Life - Carla Carlisle - TEDxCharlotte | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=RT7aiDiAI84

Cultural and Linguistic Diversity

Cultural & Linguistic Diversity

Definition:

A broad term used to describe communities with diverse languages, ethnic backgrounds, nationalities, traditions, societal structures and religions.

Cultural & Linguistic Diversity

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • 10% of all students are English-language learners

  • Extraordinarily high failure rates
  • Lack of role models in teachers
  • Instructional practices that favor dominant cultural group
  • Lack of specialized schools programs, like mentoring

  • Linguistic diversity outside of Standard American English

  • Cultural diversity such as ethnicity, nationality, class, religion, language, etc.

  • Many characteristics depend on the culture and language
  • Cultural factors affect student behavior and teachers’ perceptions of behavior

  • Informed instructional decision making to match needs to techniques

  • Cross-cultural communication
  • English is not native language
  • Discrimination in assessments
  • Perception that they are deficient
  • Feeling that they must be segregated

  • Multicultural education - curriculum that reflects diversity and cultures of society

  • Bilingual education

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Supporting Linguistically and Culturally Diverse Learners in English Education | https://ncte.org/statement/diverselearnersinee/

Teaching Culturally and Linguistically Diverse Students | https://soeonline.american.edu/blog/culturally-and-linguistically-diverse-students

Embracing Linguistic and Cultural Diversity in Your Classroom | https://teachingstrategies.com/blog/10-tips-language-cultural-diversity-classroom/

Incorporating Linguistic and Cultural Diversity into Early Childhood Practice | https://earlychildhoodny.org/blog/incorporating-linguistic-and-cultural-diversity-into-early-childhood-practice/

EDUCATING TEACHERS FOR CULTURAL AND LINGUISTIC DIVERSITY: A MODEL FOR ALL TEACHERS | https://ncela.ed.gov/files/rcd/BE022361/Educating_Teachers_For_Cultural.pdf

Movies/Video Clips

Cultural and linguistic diversity: Case study | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QY9ePzIIwkE

Ed-Talk: The Potential Benefits of Diverse Schools and Classrooms - Amy Stuart Wells | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=oRPIFFQHE-o

A Tale of Two Teachers - Melissa Crum - TEDxColumbusWomen | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=sgtinODaW78

How culture may impact behavior in the classroom | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JeMVNDWSVL4

Culture Before Curriculum | Andrew Hammond | TEDxRoyalTunbridgeWells | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=11A4gXKoVpg

Gifted & Talented

Gifted

And Talented

Definition:

Identifies intellectual, creative, academic, and leadership abilities.

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences:

  • Verbal/linguistic
  • Visual/spatial
  • Logical/mathematical
  • Bodily/kinesthetic
  • Musical
  • Intrapersonal (self-understanding)
  • Interpersonal
  • Naturalist
  • Existentialist

Gifted & Talented

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Intellectual and Academic Abilities
  • Extraordinary knowledge and comprehension
  • Keen memory and concentration
  • Wide range of interests
  • Strong language and verbal abilities
  • Flexible thinking, original ideas
  • Problem solving

  • Social and Emotional Needs
  • Sensitivity to others
  • Emotional depth and intensity
  • Sense of humor (supportive or hostile)
  • Sense of justice and help for others
  • High expectations for self
  • Popular or unpopular, social or isolated

  • Behavior Patterns
  • Often concerned about others feelings
  • Can be class leaders
  • Negative behavior can be magnified

  • Strong sense of curiosity

  • Enthusiastic about unique interests and topics
  • Curriculum compacting (eliminate goals already met)

  • Acceleration (skip classes or grades)

  • Enrichment (add material or courses)

  • Differentiation (many ways to learn)

  • Specialized interventions (often for those in poverty or from diverse cultures)

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Gifted Traits and Characteristics | https://www.davidsongifted.org/prospective-families/gifted-traits-and-characteristics/

What is Giftedness? | https://www.nagc.org/resources-publications/resources/what-giftedness

Who Are The 'Gifted And Talented' And What Do They Need? | https://www.npr.org/sections/ed/2015/09/28/443193523/who-are-the-gifted-and-talented-and-what-do-they-need

How to Engage Gifted and Talented Students in the Classroom | https://resilienteducator.com/classroom-resources/how-to-engage-gifted-and-talented-students-in-the-classroom/

Gifted & Talented| https://granite.pressbooks.pub/edu606-701/back-matter/gifted-and-talented-students/

Movies/Video Clips

Teaching Gifted Students | The Challenges of Being a Gifted Student | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fmME4U9nYzE

Gifted and Talented Students: Teaching Strategies | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=n3gXI1HFcbY

Strategies for Teaching Gifted Students: Learning Style Preferences | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=SUC27jqbzWU

A Field Guide to Gifted Students: Identifying and Meeting the Needs of Gifted Learners | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=D6X0W21qe0A

Understanding the Lives of Gifted Learners | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ZqVACPAPLRk

Early Childhood Education SPED

Definition:

Early childhood refers to the period of ages birth-8 years.

ECE focuses on the critical developmental milestones, skills, and concepts that children attain during this period, from social-emotional skills to the beginnings of numeracy, literacy, and critical thinking

ECE Special Education

Characteristics

Interventions

Characteristics

&

Interventions

  • Hereditary:
  • Learning disabilities can run in the family, so it’s not uncommon for children with learning disabilities to have a parent or a relative with similar struggles

  • Risks:
  • In EI/ECSE, risks mostly refers to environmental, genetic, or medical risk factors that impact a young child’s development (Keogh, 2000)

  • Problems during pregnancy or during birth:
  • They can be cause by illness or an injury during or before birth. Some other factors can also include low birth weight, lack of oxygen, drug and alcohol use during pregnancy, and premature or prolonged labor

  • Incidents after birth:
  • Head injuries, nutritional deprivation, and exposure to toxic substances can contribute to learning disabilities.

  • Early Identification of developmental delays is critical for IDEA eligibility
  • Parents are the most likely to recognize developmental delays
  • Accentuate the Positive: Strengthening positive child behaviors

  • Reading the intentionality of young children

  • Supporting children’s mental health and reducing challenging behaviors

  • Let the Children Play (to Learn)

  • Using assistive technology

Website Resources & References

Website Resources

&

References

Effective Practices in Early Intervention | https://www.parentcenterhub.org/effectivepractices-ei/

What Is Early Childhood Special Education | https://www.onlineschoolsreport.com/what-is-early-childhood-special-education/

Risk, Families, and Interventions in Early Childhood Special Education | https://www.lynchburg.edu/wp-content/uploads/volume-8-2013/DeedsA-Risk-Families-Interventions-Early-Childhood-Special-Ed.pdf

Causes of Learning Disabilities-Exceptional Teachers Teaching Exceptional Children. National Association of Special Education Teachers | https://www.naset.org/professional-resources/exceptional-students-and-disability-information/specific-learning-disabilities/causes-of-learning-disabilities

Early Childhood Intervention Strategies: Delays and Milestones | https://www.brighthubeducation.com/parenting-preschoolers/72994-early-intervention-for-preschoolers-assessments-and-more/

Movies/Video Clips

Children With Special Needs - Animated Stories - Jason I am | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5uVoyyNJKys

Special Needs and Inclusion | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=3Lc9zJcfsnE

Programs Serving Children with Disabilities-IDEA as A Key Component of State Early Childhood Systems | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=gNRYBLQd02k

Tahlia Mendez ECE SPED Presentation -

Part 1: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Vo_aFzWOcg8

Part 2: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Bpiewb2mwCY

An Introduction to Early Childhood Special Education | https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FUGF7C_H9vI

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