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Timelines -

Timekeeping Devices

Made by Manasvi Bhambani

Pendulum Clock

Quartz Watch

Pocket Watch

Atomic/Digital

Sun Clock

Shadow Clock

The earliest timekeeping devices were reliant on the Sun. Egyptians divided the

day into fourteen parts ten daytime parts for Twilight parts two in the morning and two in the evening and with

a shadow clock they could keep trace of time quite precisely however these clocks are useless on

overcast days and at night.

Sun Clock

Water Clock

The first implement did not rely on celestial clues were the water clocks the earliest description of a water clock came from an Egyptian pharaoh although it only measured hours water clocks was still the best solution yet. Plato, the famous Greek philosopher created the first alarm clock by developing a water clock as the water built up in a jar Hitler whistled that woke him up because water freezes at 0 degrees Celsius later.It has been replaced by mercury which freezing point is minus 30 degrees Celsius.

Water Clock

Candle Clock

In 520 AD the Chinese poem by You Jiangu mentioned a clock which was a candle capable of measuring time at night. King Alfred the Great who lived in the ninth century used a special device with six candles each were 12 inches high and made for 72 pennyweights of Wax and was able to burn for up to four hours therefore every inch represented

twenty minutes and six candles lasted for 24 hours .

Candle Clock

Hour Glass

Although the origin of the hourglass is unclear it is believed that they were introduced to Europe by a monk

called Luke Pound some believed that the Egyptians were the inventors of the

hourglass but one thing is for sure it

has been used on medieval ships for

navigational purposes for example in

1522 when Magellan traveled around the globe he had 18-hour glasses on his ship.

Hour Glass

Pendulum Clock

In Europe the first clock makers were

Christian monks a man who is known as

Pope Sylvester ii built the first clock

in the 11th century these timekeeping

inventions became very popular around

the 14th century and they were mainly

used in churches and cathedrals Galileo

Galilei was the father of science and he

invented the telescope and also

discovered the moons of Jupiter and he

contributed a lot to the evolution of

the timekeeping devices with his

experiments on the pendulum he realized

the regular swing of a pendulum can be

used to regulate a clock it took fifty years before finally the first pendulum clock was built by a

Dutch mathematician this was a giant leap in the position of timekeeping devices

Pocket Watch

The first pocket watch was invented by German locksmith. It doesn't have a minute dial as the accuracy of this watch was around 30

minutes per day but it was portable. What is a pendulum for a clock is the balanced spring for a pocket watch this invention belongs to the same man who built the pendulum clock the balance spring made them accurate to within 5 minutes per day this was the dawn of the accurate timekeeping and the revolution

of the watchmaking industry

Quartz Watch

In 1904 a Brazilian aviator asked the

famous watchmaker Cartier to make him a

wristwatch a few years later the first

world war came and it changed everything

aviators and soldiers were the first men

who wore wristwatches simply because it

was more convenient to look at

wristwatch rather than take out a pocket

watch during a battle quartz crystals

and it's piezoelectric ability made possible to create the most accurate timekeeping devices in the 1930s but how does it work? when a quartz crystal is exposed to electrical charge it resonates at a certain frequency this is more than thirty thousand times per second the electrical circuit measures the quartz frequency and controls a motor which drives the gears to the hand up until this point quartz the most precise timekeeping option.

Digital & Atomic Clock

Atomic clock is so precise as it

uses the cesium atom to

measure time and in 1967 it was formally

recognized as the new international unit

of time. one second was defined as

9,192,631,770 oscillations of the cesium

atom resonant frequency.

A digital clock is a type of clock that displays the time digitally (i.e. in numerals or other symbols), as opposed to an analogue clock. Digital clocks are often associated with electronic drives, but the "digital" description refers only to the display, not to the drive mechanism.

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