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4.1 Living things inherit traits in patterns.
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Transcript
4.1 Living things inherit traits in patterns.
Continued...
What you've read..
- Parents and offspring are similar.
- inherited traits - aspects of you that you received from you parents such as hair color, eye color, blood type
- acquired trait - developed over time, learned behaviors, skin color developed by environment
- sexual reproduction - cell containing genetic information from parents makes new cell in offspring
What you've read..
Genes are on chromosome pairs.
- gene - unit of heredity that occupies a specific location on a chromosome and codes for a particular product
- heredity - passing of genes from parents to offspring
- individuals do not inherit traits, they inherit genes
- in most eukaryotes, cells contain pairs of chromosomes
- homologs - chromosomes in a pair
- allele - various forms of the same gene
- characteristic # of chromosomes
Genes
Chromosome and Genes
2015
2014
2016
Gregor Mendel made some important discoveries about heredity.
Continued
- monk, lived in Austria in mid 1800s
- investigated the inheritance of traits among pea plants in the monastery's garden
- worked with 7 traits: plant height, flower and pod position, seed shape, pod color, and flower color
- started with true-bleeding plant (one that will always produce offspring with a particular trait
Mendel took two seeds of plants: one true-breeding for regular height and one for short height
- instead of letting plants self pollinate, paired as parents one plant from each set and let resulting plant be first generation (all ended up being normal height)
- first generation self-pollinated to become 2nd generation and saw that 3/4 of plants were regular height but 1/4 were short
- What do you notice?
One Example
- analyzed data in order, realized that each plant must have two factors for each possible trait
- some traits could be masked like dwarf trait
- all plants in first generation must have one dwarf-height factor and one regular-height factor
- Mendel's experiments and conclusions have been the basis for most of the scientific thought of heredity
Mendel's Conclusion
Finished
Alleles interact to produce traits.
recessive - allele that is expressed in phenotype only when two are present
genotype - genes you have
phenotypes - actual
dominant - allele expressed in phenotype
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