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15
BIOPOLYMERS
Group members:
Gunay Badirli
Gunash Mammadova
Tahmina Allahverdiyeva
Shabnam Huseynova
Jamila Ismayilova
Turkan Nabiyeva
Nigar Abdullayeva
Earth at risk
Earth at risk
Over the next 40 years estimates are that demand will rise for
- fresh water -50%
- food - 70%
- energy - nearly double
Improving Earth's health
At the same period that we need to start working on them.
Improving Earth's health
HOW?
- Conserve Water
- Be Car-conscious
- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle
- Prefer using of biodegradable polymers instead of synthetic polymers
The effects of polymers
Polymers are widely used in our daily lives
The effects of polymers
About 140 million tons of plastic are consumed every year worldwide
Danger for all creatures
Danger for all creatures
Plastics derived from crude oil rely more on scare
fossils fuels
Due to lack of proper disposal of these plastics,
these effect wild life and aquatic life
What is biopolymer?
What is biopolymer?
Biopolymers are polymers produced by living organism
Biopolymers can be biodegrade
Natural biopolymers extracted from biomass ( agro-resources)
Examples of Biopolymer
Proteins
Carbohydrates
DNA
RNA
Lipids
Nucleic acids
Peptides
Polysaccharides (such as glycogen,
starch and cellulose)
Classification of Biopolymer
Classification
There are four main types of Biopolymers.
1. Sugar based
2. Starch based
3. Cellulose based
4. Synthetic based
Starch based biopolymer
Obtained from:
Starch based
biopolymer
Starch based polymers are composed of glucose and can be obtained by melting starch
How is bioplastic made?
A bioplastic is a substance made from organic biomass sources.
How is bioplastic made?
Bioplastics are made through a number of different processes.
Materials-such as vegetable oils, cellulose, starches, acids and alcohols
Our Objective
How do natural sources help us?
How good is bioplastic in terms of absorbancy, elasticity, tensile strength
Objective
Analysis and comparison of our polymers
How do biopolymers help us economically and enviromentally?
What's happening inside of biopolymers?
Starch
Amylose
Amylose
Amylopectin
Amylopectin
Glass Transition
Glass Transition
Glass Transition is a property of the amorphous region while melting is the property of crystalline region
Below Tg, there exists disordered amorphous solid where chain motion is frozen and molecules start wiggling around above Tg. The more immobile the chain, the higher the value of Tg.
While, below Tm it is an ordered crystalline solid which becomes disordered melt above Tm
Gelatinization
Gelatinization
Plasticizers
Plasticizers are additives that decrease the plasticity or decrease the viscosity of a material.These are the substances which are added in order to alter their physical properties
Plasticizers
Vinegar
Glycerol
Aerobic or anaerobic decomposition
Biodegradability
Analysis of Our Polymers
Bioplastics
vs.
Traditional Plastics
Which one is
better?
Which one is better?
Topic
Analysis Methods
Analysis
Methods
- Spectrometry
- Thermal Analysis
- Flammability Test
- Chemical Resistance Test
- Solubility Test
2. Spectroscopic Methods
- NMR Spectroscopy
- Infrared Spectroscopy
- Ultraviolet-Visible Spectroscopy
Spectrometry
Topic
INFRARED SPECTROSCOPY
Cornstarch
3. Thermal Analysis
Thermal
Analysis
Differential Scanning Calorimetry
Kofler Hot Bench
Kofler Hot Bench Results
Topic
DSC Result for Experiment 1
Topic
Melting Point for Traditional Plastics
Topic
210-249 ˚C
120-180 ˚C
105-115 ˚C
4. Flammability Test
Flammability Test
5. Chemical Resistance
Coca Cola
Commercial
Laundry Bleach
Chemical Resistance
Hydrochloric Acid
37% Solution
Window Cleaner
Results of Chemical Resistance Test
Topic
6.Solubility Test
Solubility
Test
On average, a bioplastic takes three to six months to fully decompose in water, much quicker than synthetic counterparts that take several hundred years
Topic
Experiment 1
Experiment 2
Experiment 3
Experiment 6
Experiment 5
Experiment 4
Drying Process
Results
HOW "GREEN" ARE BIOPOLYMERS?
How "green" are polymers?
Newsic
ToGlobal Productionic
Topic
MULTIBIO PROJECT
Financed by the European Commission
- From potato and corn starch to 100% biodegradable multilayer sheet
- Two outer layers made from Polylactic acid
- One inner layer from Polycaprolactone and glycerol mosterate (PLA-Starch-PLA)
MultiBio
Eutrophication is the enrichment of an ecosystem with chemical nutrients, typically compounds containing nitrogen, phosphorus, or both.
Topic
Question
VS
Alternative Market
biodegradable
Economical aspect of using biodegradable polymers
Economical aspect of using biodegradable polymers
VS
plastic
According to the European Bioplastics Association and Nova-Institut, an independent environmental research institute based in Germany, global capacities for the production of biodegradable polymers were estimated at
2.11 million tonnes in 2018, representing just under 1% of all plastics produced annually.
European Bioplastics expects global bioplastics production capacity to increase by 24% by 2023 to 2.62 million tonnes.
Topic
Topic
Circular economy
Topic
Topic
- Food packaging
- Foam packaging
- Compost bags
Topic
- Surgical Structure,
- Bone-Fixation Devices
- Agricultural Applications
Topic
References
Conclusion
Save The Earth for future
End
Thank you for your attention!
References
1. https://www.worldenergy.org/assets/images/imported/2016/10/World-Energy-Resources-Full-report-2016.10.03.pdf
2. https://microbialcellfactories.biomedcentral.com/articles/10.1186/1475-2859-10-81
3.https://whatis.techtarget.com/definition/bioplastic
4.https://pediaa.com/difference-between-amylose-and-amylopectin/
5. Handbook of Biopolymers and Biodegradable Plastics: Properties, Processing and Applications (Plastics Design Library) 1st Edition, Sina Ebnesajjad
6. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/228481274_LCA_of_biodegradable_multilayer_film_from_biopolymers
7. Synthesis and Utility of Starch Based Polymers- A Short Review. Ritwick Sinha La Martiniere for Boys, Kolkata, West Bengal, India. IOSR Journal of Applied Chemistry (IOSR-JAC) e-ISSN: 2278-5736.Volume 8, Issue 12 Ver. II (Dec. 2015), PP 27-30 www.iosrjournals.org
8. Nathalie Gontard, Déchets plastiques : la dangereuse illusion du tout-recyclage, The conversation, 28 January 2018.