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The Murder
Father Hubert Dahme was going out for his evening walk in Bridgeport, Connecticut at around 7:45 PM. On February 4, 1924.
He was shot in the back of the head with a .32 caliper revolver , he died in the hospital an hour later.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.womenandguns.com%2Fmild-shooting-and-useful-32-caliber-revolvers%2F&psig=AOvVaw1VVh8wS9Rp5R6_5jGfRQcy&ust=1588816732108000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCMjq_fCRnukCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
The bullet entered the back of his head on the left side and stopped at the right side of his head.
A 21 year old man, Harold Israel was found walking down the street at around 1 am on February 11th.
A police officer noticed him walking and thought he was acting suspicious.
They found a .32 caliper revolver on him when they brought him back to the station.
Harold Israel's interrogation began on Febuary 13th at noon- didnt end until the next day at 4pm.
He admitted to the murder.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.123rf.com%2Fphoto_31541671_stock-vector-rubber-stamp-with-word-guilty-inside-vector-illustration.html&psig=AOvVaw2klrAxWgK7D1wAjDIgwzfR&ust=1588874390602000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJD3yMDon-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
He later recanted his confession.
-4 witnesses saw Israel flee the scene
-Nellie Trafton saw Israel walk past the restaurant by the scene about 5 minutes before the murder (was later found impossible)
-Bullet casings found in Israel's bathroom (found to not match)
Attorney Homer Cummings
The Attorney Homer Cummings discredited every piece of evidence that the police had against Israel and the charges were dropped.
- First use of CCTV was in 1942 in Germany.
- Was invented for the use of testing rocket launches and Atomic bombs.
-In 1960, the first cameras used by police were in England to be able to monitor the royalty and protect them against large crowds.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fstories.swns.com%2Fnews%2Fhistory-cctv-surveillance-britain-93449%2F&psig=AOvVaw01cT70uVGtleZAW-qqKbUV&ust=1588878064342000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJiX8pf2n-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
- By 1965, police began to use surveillance video in pubic areas.
-In the 1970's, more CCTV began to be used by private companies such as banks, stores, and hospitals.
- These uses were mainly to help prevent the public from stealing.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.denverpost.com%2F2016%2F03%2F07%2Ffbi-says-1970s-vw-micro-bus-connected-to-wyoming-bank-robbery%2F&psig=AOvVaw2wQlkXveVnD6i0jfuUO3KV&ust=1588878250687000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCLCJ4_D2n-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAE
-There are generally three different types of systems that police use.
-They all can have different uses and continue to evolve.
-These cameras are fixed in one spot and cannot be moved.
-Aimed at areas that may have high crime.
-Can only see what is happening in the area that the camera can see.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.123-cctv.com%2Fhd-indoor-dome-camera-night-vision-black.html&psig=AOvVaw2Nl1t8Eb4fv94Vb7BrwBid&ust=1588878832979000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCPCV8If5n-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAD
https://www.google.com/imgres?imgurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorextechnology.com%2Fimages%2Fproducts%2FLNZ32P4BW%2F1200x800%2Fip-camera-LNZ32P4BW-L3.png&imgrefurl=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.lorextechnology.com%2Fhd-ip-camera%2Fhd-1080p-ptz-camera-with-color-night-vision%2FLNZ32P4BW-1-p&tbnid=9NpFCtKjXfM_gM&vet=12ahUKEwjf3qzp-p_pAhXxB50JHY4DDYQQMygCegUIARD8AQ..i&docid=ERZbvQ-38J-0gM&w=1200&h=800&q=cameras%20that%20pan%20back%20and%20forth&client=safari&ved=2ahUKEwjf3qzp-p_pAhXxB50JHY4DDYQQMygCegUIARD8AQ
-These cameras can be controlled by someone in a control center- could be either a police station or a security station.
- The person controlling the camera can zoom in and out.
-Record a wider view than a fixed camera.
-If no one is monitoring the camera they will pan back and forth, which can be a drawback if something is happening where it is not recording.
-The third type of CCTV is a combination of the first two but with added features.
-Extras such as:
-facial recognition
-license plate recognition
-night vision camera
-motion detectors
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.2020cctv.com%2Fsecurity-solutions%2Fvideo-analytics%2F&psig=AOvVaw0AO13yzy3NF6ZYwJbcZGt8&ust=1588879640722000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCJCTioj8n-kCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAF
-Some cameras only record a loop for 24-72 hours.
-This means that police must work fast when investigating a crime if they want to find any CCTV footage that may help them.
-There are many different reasons that investigators may need to request CCTV footage from a citizen or business.
-"About 80% of investigators have to request CCTV footage to be able to confirm the identity of one of their suspects in a case". (Dowling, Christopher)
This means that almost all investigators will have to request footage from someone to confirm the whereabouts of a suspect.
-Another reason that an investigator will need to request footage would be to determine if an offense has occurred.
-If the police need to confirm a statement of a crime that was committed they may want to watch footage to corroborate the statements.
-Police may just want to confirm someones timeline or establish a timeline.
-Watch events that surrounded a crime/ incident.
-If property has been stolen or damaged they may be able to catch footage of it happening.
-33% of investigators say that there was at least one issue with the footage that they received. (Dowling, Christopher)
-Most common problem= quality
-they may not be able to make our the details well enough
-Software problems- may not be able to be viewed or used because of software problems.
-Over 80% of investigators in a study said that footage that they have received for their investigation was useful to them. (Dowling, Christopher)
-So even though there can be problems with CCTV footage at least 80% of investigators were able to use footage that they received and it helped them in their case.
-Police departments may have a list of all the cameras within their jurisdiction, so when investigating they can determine what cameras might be useful to them.
-The CCTV Footage that is obtained has to be collected and presented in court just like other types of evidence.
-Once the footage is obtained by the investigator it must be collected and stored like any other type of evidence.
-There must be a chain of custody on the CCTV footage just like any other kind of evidence.
-Since there may be people in the video recordings that do not have to do with the crime, they also have rights that must be protected so this is another reason the video needs to be properly stored.
-When the video footage is brought and shown in court, they must prove that the video is authentic and has not been altered.
-This is another reason why the chain of custody must be maintained, to show who has been in possession of the video.
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.flickr.com%2Fphotos%2Fwallyg%2F1244863943&psig=AOvVaw2GQDEAzHPDg4aBK8y8hW3Z&ust=1588882533011000&source=images&cd=vfe&ved=0CAIQjRxqFwoTCNC4sOuGoOkCFQAAAAAdAAAAABAI
-According to Nancy La Vigne, “Attorneys report that for many jurors, video evidence can be more credible than an eyewitness.” (La Vigne, Nancy)
-There can be many opinions made by jurors from TV shows where they believe that CCTV footage should be more advanced than it is in most small towns.
- There must be someone in court to explain the chain of custody that took place or someone like an IT specialist to show that the footage has not been altered.
-Case took place in 1924, no cameras
-This case could have benefited greatly from the use of CCTV.
-could have seen where the suspect fled to/ where he came from.
-could have been able to see some features of the suspect depending on the placement of the camera
-height
-weight
-face/ age
-clothing
-any limps/ unique things about themselves
-If they could have been able to see where the suspect fled to afterward, they might be able to lead to more cameras until he finally gets into a car (License place) and/or goes into a building.
This way they would have been able to recreate the seen a little better to get better ideas of where he went and who he was.
Delgado, R. (2013, August 14). From Edison to Internet: A History of Video Surveillance. Retrieved March 2020, from https://www.business2community.com/tech-gadgets/from-edison to-internet-a-history-of-video-surveillance-0578308
Dowling, Christopher, et al. “How Do Police Use CCTV Footage in Criminal Investigations?” Trends & Issues in
Crime & Criminal Justice, no. 575, Apr. 2019, pp. 1 15. EBSCOhost,search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&AuthType=ip,uid&db=i3&AN=135807 98&site=ehost-live&scope=site.
GAO, U. S. (6AD). Video Surveillance . Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03748.pdf
La Vigne, Nancy, et all. (2011, September). Using Public Surveillance Systems for Crime Control and Prevention. Retrieved from https://www.gao.gov/new.items/d03748.pdF
“The Murder of Father Hubert Dahme.” Cold Cases: Famous Unsolved Mysteries, Crimes, and Disappearances in America, by Hélèna Katz, Greenwood, 2010, pp. 99–105.
Armstrong, Ken. (2017, January 1). The Suspect, the Prosecutor, and the Unlikely Bond They Forged. Retrieved from https://www.smithsonianmag.com/history/charming-story homer cummings-harold-israel-180961429/
Katz, Helena, 2010. “The Murder of Father Hubert Dahme.” Cold Cases: Famous Unsolved Mysteries, Crimes, and Disappearances in America,, Greenwood, pp. 99–105.
Maltbie, W. (1924). The state vs. Harold Israel. Retrieved from https://scholarlycommons.law.northwestern.edu/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?referer=&httpsredi =1&article=1955&context=jclc
Stoler, M. (2017). The State v Harold Israel. Retrieved from https://havechanged.blogspot.com/2017/02/the-state-v-harold-israel.html