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A Shakespearean (also known as Elizabethan) sonnet contains three quatrains, a couplet, and rhyme scheme of ababcdcdefefgg.
Sonnets have a specific rhythym called an iambic pentameter. Most sonnets include a turn (also known as a volta) which represents a shift in thought or the theme.
Music to hear, why hear’st thou music sadly?
Sweets with sweets war not, joy delights in joy:
Why lov’st thou that which thou receiv’st not gladly,
Or else receiv’st with pleasure thine annoy?
If the true concord of well-tuned sounds,
By unions married, do offend thine ear,
They do but sweetly chide thee, who confounds
In singleness the parts that thou shouldst bear.
Mark how one string, sweet husband to another,
Strikes each in each by mutual ordering;
Resembling sire and child and happy mother,
Who, all in one, one pleasing note do sing:
Whose speechless song being many, seeming one,
Sings this to thee: ‘Thou single wilt prove none.’
Analysis
A single musical note and a chord made up of several notes are compared to a family and a young man in this sonnet. The connection of father, mother, and child is represented by the sounds that make up a chord. The youth is compared to music in the first twelve lines, who, should he marry and have children, would then be the precise definition of harmony. However, music, which is "the true concord of well-tuned sounds," reprimands him because he continues to be alone—a single note rather than a chord. The young man breaks the harmony that he should create as a member of a family, by refusing to get married. The family is a group made up of single members who perform best — and most naturally — when cooperating with one another, just as the strings of a lute when struck concurrently generate one sound, which is actually composed of multiple sounds.
A petrarchan sonnet (also known as an Italian sonnet) is divided into two parts of eight and six lines. It is named after Francesco Petrarch.
One of the first humanists, Francesco Petrarca, also known as Petrarch, was an Italian scholar and poet of the early Renaissance.
Earth has not any thing to show more fair:
Dull would he be of soul who could pass by
A sight so touching in its majesty:
This City now doth, like a garment, wear
The beauty of the morning; silent, bare,
Ships, towers, domes, theatres, and temples lie
Open unto the fields, and to the sky;
All bright and glittering in the smokeless air.
Never did sun more beautifully steep
In his first splendour, valley, rock, or hill;
Ne'er saw I, never felt, a calm so deep!
The river glideth at his own sweet will:
Dear God! the very houses seem asleep;
And all that mighty heart is lying still!
Linking Westminster and Lambeth across the River Thames is the car and crosswalks Westminster Bridge. It is significant both historically and culturally. Commas, semicolons, and exclamation marks are randomly inserted by the poet, giving the poem a forceful reading style. The punctuation itself acts as a restriction on how quickly the reader can speed through the poem, assisting in the reader's ability to imagine what is being said in the poem itself. This slows him down and causes him to reflect on what he is reading.
It is quite obvious that there is a huge difference between the themes of the two sonnets. Sonnet 8 touches on youth and marriage. Growing up, getting married, and starting a family while comparing it to music. Shakespeare compares a family to an orchestra playing a beautiful piece of music; they are able to do so because of their cooperation.
Composed Upon Westminster Bridge explores themes of nature and its effect on peoples actions and thoughts themselves.
The poet alludes to the fact that man-made cities are also considered part of nature. Because the city itself seems "alive".
For context: the Westminster Bridge, which has crosswalks, crosses the Thames River to connect Westminster and Lambeth. It has historical and cultural significance.
The writing style between the sonnets are also very different. While sonnet 8 didn't focus too much on the punctuation; Composed Upon Westminster Bridge did.
The poet randomly inserts commas, semicolons, and exclamation points to give the poetry a powerful reading manner. The punctuation itself serves as a speed limiter for the reader, making it easier for the reader to picture what is being conveyed in the poetry itself. As a result, he reads more slowly and thinks about what he is reading.