ENGL E101F Wk 6 S1

My Wish

What is it like?

I have a wish.

It is grey in colour.

There are numbers.

It is very important to me.

My Wish

What is it?

• Words with more than one meaning
• Understand the meaning in context

Example: bank

• I need to go to the bank to draw out some money.

• Walking along the bank, I can see many children playing with sand on the beach.

Language play

• Play with meaning
• Play with pronunciation
• Chinese puns

A pun is a clever and amusing use of a word or phrase with two meanings, or of words with the same sound but different meanings.

Playing with meaning

sides:

right or left

Right = correct

Playing with meaning

Playing with meaning

speaker & mic

Playing with pronunciation

Alice in Wonderland

"And how many hours a day did you do lessons?" said Alice, in a hurry to change the subject.

"Ten hours the first day," said the Mock Turtle, "nine the next, and so on."

Playing with pronunciation

"What a curious plan!" exclaimed Alice.

because they lessen from

"That's the reason they're called lessons," the Gryphon remarked: _______________________ __________

day to day.

Do we have this in Chinese?

Do we have this in Chinese?

Pun

Do we have this in Chinese?

What did we do in the last class?

• Symptom description
• Teacher-marked writing
• Part of speech

Symptoms

3 categories:

• Present complaint e.g. pain
• Physical symptoms
• Psychological and emotional symptoms

Symptoms

Observe the flow when presenting symptoms

• more important symptoms first or in chronological order (Past then present, etc)
• physical symptoms before psychological/emotional ones

Symptoms

Suggestion:

List all symptoms according to :

• Importance /
• chronological order
• adverbials of time e.g. two weeks ago
• tense e.g. past to present, present to present perfect, etc

Symptoms

List all symptoms according to :

• physical symptoms then
• psychological / emotional symptoms

Comments

Generally, the flow has mostly been presented correctly.

Please remember to include only relevant information such as pain, physical and psychological symptoms.

Bear the two rules in mind.

Comments

'Verb' is an essential elements.

However, pay attention to how we should transform fragments into complete sentences.

Need to check grammar especially 'tense' and 'articles'.

Generally past unless it is something that happens today.

'Articles': a, an & the

Comments

acute throbbing chest pain (left side). Affecting left thumb.

pain: a sharp pain, an acute pain, a throbbing pain

an acute throbbing chest pain

side: the right, the left e.g. on the right; on the left

• an acute throbbing chest pain on the left side/ an acute throbbing pain on the left chest
• affected the left thumb

Comments

Be careful with the following.

Active in voice

The verb is performed by the subject 'He"?

He increased pulse rate.

He has become rapid pulse rate.

Mr Smith felt so dizzy and nauseous. He vomited for 4 days.

only vomited for 4 days

The situation improved when he is asleep.

Does it mean that the situation improved only when he was asleep? What about after he woke up?

Comments

... with nausea and vomiting for 4 days. His pulse was ... and ... increased.

Without a specific time, people will interpret that all these happened at the same time, which is in fact not.

was attacked by ...

right but we seldom put it this way

had attacked vs had an attack

Comments

We suffer from an illness but not suffer from something we cannot do.

suffer from hypertension but not an unclear speech

have an unclear speech

Comments

The order that symptoms appear in the description

in the past

Time adverbials that help:

• In the previous week; During attack; Later; Two days ago
• Today

in the present

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Last week attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomiting for 4 days

Last week, Mr Bob Smith had attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomited for 4 days.

Last week, Mr Bob Smith suffered attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomited for 4 days.

Last week, Mr Bob Smith had attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomited. Such situation lasted for 4 days.

Mr Bob Smith had attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomited for 4 days last week.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

During attack, rapid pulse rate and increased respiration rate.

adjective

During the attack, his pulse rate was rapid and his respiration rate increased.

verb

During the attack, Mr Smith had a rapid pulse rate and an increased respiration rate.

adjective

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

During the attack, his pulse rate was rapid with an increased respiration rate.

During the attack, Mr Bob Smith’s pulse rate and respiration rate increased.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Later, acute throbbing chest pain (left side). Affecting left thumb.

Later, he suffered an acute throbbing chest pain on the left side and this affected his left thumb.

Later, there was an acute throbbing chest pain on the left side which affected the left thumb.

Later, he suffered from an acute throbbing pain in the left chest which affected his left thumb.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Worse at night. Better after sleep.

He felt worse at night, but better after sleep.

The pain got worse at night, but became better after sleep.

was relieved

The situation got worse at night/ The symptoms got worse at night but became better after sleep.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Hissing in right ear two days ago.

Two days ago, Mr Smith had a hissing in his right ear.

Two days ago, Mr Smith heard a hissing in the right ear.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Two days ago, Mr Smith heard some hissing sounds in his right ear.

Two days ago, hissing sounds appeared in Mr Bob Smith’s right ear.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Sweat at night. Muscle weakness.

He also sweated at night and suffered/experienced muscle weakness.

Also, his muscle became weak and he was sweating all night.

He sweated at night and had the symptom of muscle weakness.

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Today with unclear speech

Today, he speaks unclearly.

Today, he has an unclear speech.

Today, he is unable to speak clearly.

Comments

It is different from auditory hallucination which is a psychological symptom.

hissing

• 'hissing' here is regarded as a physical symptom
• may be the result of the problems with the ear or with the brain

unclear speech

• can be both, depending on symptoms mentioned before
• can be a physical symptom because of 'stroke' or 'brain tumor'

Description of Bob Smith's symptoms

Last week, Mr Bob Smith had attacks of dizziness with nausea and vomited for 4 days. During the attack, his pulse was rapid and his respiration rate increased. Later, he suffered an acute throbbing pain on the left chest which affected his left thumb. The pain got worse at night and was relieved after sleep. Two days ago, Mr Smith had a hissing in his right ear. He also sweated at night and experienced muscle weakness. Today, he is unable to speak clearly.

Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing

Attention has to be paid to

• Formality
• Grammar

Formality

Formality helps us to identify whether the text is a written one or a spoken one

Written texts are usually more formal than spoken texts in terms of

• Grammar
• Objectivity
• Organization, etc

Grammar for formal writing

• Academic grammar

• Word choice
• Passive voice, etc

Grammar for formal writing

• Academic features

• Summarising and paraphrasing
• Citation and referencing
• Hedging

Generally comments on Teacher-marked writing

There are quite a number of non-academic features in your writing.

• contractions i.e. short forms
• idioms
• informal word choices
• rhetorical questions

make your writing more conversational and less formal

Grammar related problems

Focus mainly on sentence structure e.g.

• Incomplete sentences
• problematic sentences
• problematic sentences + others

Grammar related problems

Combining clauses to make sentences

a word a phrase a clause a sentence

• several words to form a phrase
• when a phrase contains a verb, it is a clause.
• A sentence can contain one clause or several clauses.

Grammar related problems

Combining clauses to make sentences

a word a phrase a clause a sentence

an apple a red apple

a red apple dropped down from a tree

Newton was sitting under the tree.

the relationship

Grammar related problems

A complex sentence

Combining clauses to make sentences

A red apple dropped down from a tree under which Newton was sitting.

A red apply dropped down from a tree

the main clause

under which Newton was sitting.

the subordinate clause to tell more about the tree

Grammar related problems

Work with your groupmates to identify the problems with the sentences in the handout.

Grammar related problems

Chinglish

1. people are hard to find their true love …

people find it hard to find their true love ...

It is hard for people to find their true love ...

True love is hard to find ...

Grammar related problems

2. speed dating can provide a platform to encounter with a variety of people …

provide something for someone

provide someone with something

provide a platform for participants

speed dating can provide a platform for participants to encounter with a variety of people ...

Grammar related problems

3. Since people’s profile is given by the participant.

'Since': a preposition e.g.

I have not seen him since last summer.

But here 'Since': a conjunction = 'because' and 'as'

Grammar related problems

3. Since people’s profile is given by the participant.

Since ______, ______ / _______ since _______

Generally a conjunction is used to link two clauses together to form a sentence.

Since there were many people in Cheung Chau, we went to Lantau instead.

Grammar related problems

3. Since people’s profile is given by the participant.

Since people's profile is given by the participant.

Incomplete sentence

Since people’s profile is given by the participant. They can make up their background information.

Grammar related problems

3. Since people’s profile is given by the participant.

Since people’s profile is given by the participant. They can make up their background information.

people's profile is given by the participant.

They can make up their background information.

Since people’s profile is given by the participant, they can make up their background information.

Grammar related problems

meaning & structure

4. people you meet just to expand your social circle

verb?

people just to expand your social circle

people just want to expand your social circle

your?

people just want to expand their social circle

people you meet just want to expand their social circle

Grammar related problems

structure & verb form

5. This is not allowed to deeply understand each other

is not allowed: passive voice

speed dating is not allowed

what is not allowed?

participants are not allowed

? understand each other

This = ?

speed dating

participants/ people

Participants are not allowed to deeply understand each other.

This (speed dating) does not allow participants to ...

Grammar related problems

structure & sva

6. The information may not be fully accurate because person who is attempting the dating want to hide something so people may get confused.

The information may not be fully accurate

because person who is attempting the dating want to hide something

so people may get confused

logical order of the ideas

Grammar related problems

structure & sva

6. The information may not be fully accurate because person who is attempting the dating want to hide something so people may get confused.

because person who is attempting the dating want to hide something

person ... is attempting ... want

because a person who joins the dating wants to hide something

may get cheated

so people may get confused

Grammar related problems

structure & sva

6. The information may not be fully accurate because person who is attempting the dating want to hide something so people may get confused.

To hide something from other speed dating participants, some people may provide inaccurate information. It is very easy for other speed dating participants to get cheated by them.

Speed dating participants may get cheated by the inaccurate information provided by those who want to hide something.

Grammar related problems

incorrect structure

7. However, we should bear in mind that is he telling the truth?

'that' should introduce a noun clause e.g.

He told me something (=Hazel had left Hong Kong)

He told me that Hazel had left Hong Kong.

'is he telling the truth' is a question.

However, we should bear in mind that he is telling the truth.

However, we should bear in mind that he may not be telling the truth.

However, we need to check if he is telling the truth.

Activity 6 (P. 24)

Foxconn: Foxconn Technology Group

A contract manufacturer producing

• electronic components, computer chips, etc

Activity 6 (P. 24)

Its clients include:

American, Japanese and Canadian electronics and information technology companies e.g.

• Apple Inc., Dell, HP, Nokia, Sony, etc

Activity 6 (P. 24)

In 2010, 18 workers attempted suicide in the Shenzhen campus.

14 died

Why?

Activity 6

Watch and answer the questions

Activity 6 (P. 24)

1. What comparison is used to describe the way Foxconn is run? Do you think the analogy is appropriate?

similarity between 2 things, on which comparison can be based e.g. the heart and a pump; the royal family and the crown

A military operation

Like a soldier. Do the same thing all day long. Do not talk, socialize but work, sleep and work, sleep.

Activity 6 (P. 24)

2. What is the major problem identified with the Foxconn operation?

separated from others

The major problem is the feeling of isolation and alienation among the workers.

Being an outsider or feeling isolated

Activity 6 (P. 24)

3. The report mentions that there is a lot of resentment among the workers. What does this mean? Where do you think the resentment comes from?

'Resentment' here refers to the feeling of displeasure or even anger towards Foxconn and towards the society at large.

Activity 6 (P. 24)

3. The report mentions that there is a lot of resentment among the workers. What does this mean? Where do you think the resentment comes from? (Contd.)

The resentment may come from widening gap between the poor and the rich and therefore the feeling of helplessness and uselessness despite the rapid economic growth.

Activity 6 (P. 24)

4. The report names two measures the company has taken to prevent more suicides. What are they? What do analysts say about these measures?

a. bringing in mental health professionals

b. the setting up of a safety net.

Analysts called these 'window dressing', suggesting that they are merely decorative and do not address the root of the problem.

Activity 6 (P. 24)

5. What have the big name clients of Foxconn done in response to the suicides?

They said they are deeply concerned about the suicides and have issued statements expressing sorrow for the victims.

What is it?

The part a word plays in a sentence

Example: John will come to see us soon.

What is the part of speech of each word?

John will come to see us soon.

Pronoun

Verb: finite

Noun

Verb:

non-finite

Adverb

8 parts of speech

Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Articles

Verbs Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions

May also include:

• interjection or exclamation

8 parts of speech

Nouns

Common nouns e.g. book

Proper nouns e.g. Hong Kong

Abstract nouns e.g. love

Collective nouns e.g. a herd

8 parts of speech

Pronouns

Subject pronouns e.g. They

Object pronouns e.g. them

Possessive adjectives e.g. their

Possessive pronouns e.g. theirs

Reflexive/ emphatic pronouns e.g. themselves

8 parts of speech

Articles

Indefinite articles e.g. a, an

Definite articles e.g. the

Adjectives

tall, beautiful

comparatives e.g. taller, more beautiful

superlatives e.g. the tallest, the most beautiful

8 parts of speech

Verbs

Finite verbs e.g. They have gone swimming.

Tense and aspect, Voice

Non-finite verbs e.g. Gerund, Infinitives, Participles

Gerund (verbal noun) e.g.

They have gone swimming.

Infinitives e.g.

I want to go swimming too. Please let me go with them.

Participles e.g. the running water, the broken chair.

8 parts of speech

Adverbs

slowly, fast

Comparatives e.g. more slowly, faster

Superlatives e.g. the most slowly, the fastest

Prepositions

Place e.g. in a room

Time e.g. at six

Location e.g. under the water

Phrasal verbs (verbs + prepositions) e.g. look into

8 parts of speech

Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions e.g. and, but

Subordinating conjunctions e.g. when, because

8 parts of speech

Related patterns

Phrases

Noun phrases e.g. the head of the family

Adjective phrases e.g. with brown hair

Adverbial phrases e.g. the day after tomorrow

Prepositional phrases e.g. in the morning, by the river

8 parts of speech

Clauses

Noun clauses

He told me that you won the writing competition.

Adjective clauses

The girl who is standing there is a cousin of mine.

Donald Trump, who is a billionaire, has become the President of the USA.

Compare:

The news that he will move to New York is rather shocking.

The news that arrived this morning is rather shocking.

8 parts of speech

Adverb clauses

People like to go hiking when it is cool. (time)

Although he is fat, he runs very fast. (concession)

He stood up so that he could see more clearly. (purpose)

Reason, condition, place, results, etc

Word formation

Process

Borrowing e.g. ballet

Coinage e.g. sandwich

shortening e.g. JUPAS, flu, brunch, edit

Compounding e.g. pickpocket, fire-engine

Conversion e.g. attack (v) to attack (n)

Derivation e.g. dishonest (dis + honest), treatment (treat + ment)

Word formation

Conversion and derivation

Conversion: from one part of speech to another part of speech without changing the form and pronunciation e.g. fax, love

Derivation: add prefix e.g. unhappy or suffix e.g. careful, distribution

Therefore, endings often tell us which part of speech the word belongs to.

Word formation

Some examples

Adverbs

careful(ly), quick(ly), happ(ily)

Except: silly, friendly, etc

Nouns

relat(ion), dictat(ion)

complete(ness), happi(ness)

local(ity), real(ity)

friend(ship), hard(ship)

child(hood), brother(hood)

develop(ment), govern(ment)

Others: confiden(ce), proficien(cy)

Word formation

Verbs

(en)joy, fast(en), loos(en), (en)sure, (en)danger

beauti(fy), satis(fy)

Adjectives

help(ful), use(ful)

help(less), use(less)

chingl(ish), fool(ish)

angr(y), hungr(y)

danger(ous), conscienti(ous)

comfort(able), un(able)

Presentation

Work in groups

Do some reading and research and present what you have found in class

Duration: not more than 10 minutes

Present with ppt

Worksheets can be distributed

Week 9

Presentation

Here are some reference books that may help.

Online dictionaries:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english

http://www.freecollocation.com/