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Transcript

Preventive Dentistry Flip Chart

By Ellie Godoy

2022

Table of Contents

Let's talk about teeth!

You Have a Little... Something on Your Teeth...

Hard Deposits

  • Also called "calculus" or "tartar"
  • Cannot be removed at home
  • Made up from soft deposits that mineralized from your saliva
  • Leave a rough, bumpy feeling over your teeth

Soft Deposits

  • Also known as plaque
  • Can be removed at home
  • Made up of lots of different things, like bacteria and leftover food debris
  • Leaves a fuzzy feeling over your teeth

Soft vs Hard Deposits

Happy Gums

  • Pink or brown in colour, depending on where you're from
  • Hug the tooth tightly
  • Feel firm when touched
  • Stippled like an orange-peel
  • Very little to no bleeding when probed or flossed

Healthy Gingiva

Sad Gums

  • Gingivitis is the most common peridontal disease, but don't worry - It's reversible!
  • Gums are puffy and inflammed
  • Darker red in colour
  • More bleeding (ouch!)
  • Can be acute, and last 10-14 days
  • Can also be chronic, and last for months or years
  • If left untreated, it may progress to periodontitis, so don't forget to call your dentist!

Gingivitis

Once a Perio Patient, Always a Perio Patient

Periodontitis

How It Looks

  • Tissue can appear very dark red, almost purple, because no oxygen is getting to the gums

This is called cyanotic

  • Lots of bleeding!
  • Gums start to fall lower on the teeth - You might be able to see the roots
  • Mobility, tooth loss, and bad breath
  • Periodontal pockets have formed

How It Looks

How It Happens

There are 4 stages in periodontitis development, starting with a problem in healthy gums, leading to gingivitis, and progressing further to the irreverisible disease.

But REMEMBER, gingivitis does not always lead to peridontitis. You still have time to turn things around!

How It Happens

1) Initial Lesion

Stage 1

Bacteria begin to colonize where the gums hug the tooth

This is called the sulcus

Your body's defenses are very strong here, and quickly rush to the area and try to fix the problem!

This is still healthy, and your body is able to repair any damages that may have occurs

Occurs in the first 2-4 days of bacterial colonization

2) Early Lesion

Stage 2

Bacteria begin to move in deeper into the gums

Your body's defenses pick up, and start sending over some more help to the area

The gum margins might look red and have some slight puff to them.

This is now early gingivitis, and all damage up to this point is still reversible!

Occurs 4-7 days after the bacterial colonization

3) Established Lesion

Stage 3

The bacteria now moves even further down, and disrupts the deepest layer of tissue in the gum sulcus

This layer of tissue is the junctional epithelium, and its extremely thin and delicate

More help is recruited to the area to try and fix the problem

This is now established gingivitis, and we see all clinical signs, including redness, swelling, gingival pockets, and bleeding gums.

But don't worry - Even here, it's still reversible!

Occurs 21 days after the bacteria has settled

4) Advanced Lesion

Stage 4

The bacteria has spread far deeper now, and has run along the surface of the root.

Gingival pockets have progressed to periodontal pockets, and bone loss is present.

Unfortunately, this is periodontitis, and it is no longer reversible.

We see mobility of teeth, deep perio pockets, bone loss, and sometimes even tooth loss

How To Deal With It

  • See your dentist and dental hygienist regularly - They may prescribe a special rinse to help control the bacteria
  • Avoid foods that bacteria love, like sugar, sweets, soda/pop, etc.
  • Take good care of your teeth at home

Brushing 2-3x a day and flossing every day

How To Deal With It

The Decay Process

A few conditions need to be present for a cavity to develop

Caries Process

If all 4 of these conditions are present, cavities will form

Different Brushing Methods

Brushing Your Teeth

1) Apply a gentle force to insert about 1-2mm of the

bristles into the sulcus

Modified Bass Technique

2) Using vibratory strokes gently but firmly while keeping the bristles inside the sulcus

Modified Bass

Good for people who:

  • Have periodontal health and disease

  • Have plaque build-up around the gum line

4) Once completed, sweep the bristles in a downwards motion away from the tooth

3) Move from the back of the mouth towards the front

Modified Stillman's Technqiue

1) Place the bristles of the toothbrush at a 45 degree angle towards the gums

4) Move from the back of the mouth towards the front

2) Place the bristles partially on the tooth, and partially on the gums

Modified Stillman's

Good for people who:

  • Have generalized recession

  • Have inflammed gums/gingivitis

3) Use short back and forth vibratory strokes with light pressure

5) Once completed, sweep the bristles in a downwards motion away from the tooth

Charter's Technique

1) Place the bristles of the toothbrush towards the biting surface of the tooth at a 45 degree angle

2) Bristles must be partially on the tooth, and partially on the gums

Charter's

Good for people who:

  • Have orthodontics

  • Have gum grafts

  • Have fixed prosthetic appliances

3) Use short back and forth vibratory strokes with light pressure. Can also use a circular motion

4) Move from the back of the mouth towards the front

Fones Technique

2) Place the bristles of the toothbrush on the broad surface of the tooth

1) Close your mouth so all your teeth are touching

Fones

Good for people who:

  • Have baby/primary teeth

  • Lack manual dexterity

3) Using a circular motion, move across all the teeth, cleaning both arches at the same time

Scrub-A-Dub Dub

There are a variety of different toothpastes available on the market for all kinds of conditions!

ToothPaste

Sensodyne

For Sensitive Teeth

Contains a special ingredient called NovaMin that works by plugging up any exposed dentin areas on the tooth surface.

This dentin on your tooth is what responds to cold, hot, sweets, etc., causing sensitivity

Needs to be used twice a day everyday for it to continue working

Also contains fluoride to prevent cavities

Anti Tartar Toothpaste

For Calculus Build-Up

Pyrophosphate is an agent found naturally in saliva, and added to anti-tartar toothpastes to prevent mineral calficiation

Pyrophosphate binds to the calcium found in our saliva and slows down the crystal growth that ultimately leads to calculus/tartar

Remember to floss BEFORE you brush your teeth

Floss, Floss, Baby

5) Rub up and down gently on the side of the tooth. Repeat on all teeth. Don't forget the backside of your last teeth!

1) Break off about 18 inches of floss (the length of your forearm) and wind it around each of your middle fingers.

Flossing

3) Guide the floss between your teeth using a gentle rubbing motion. NEVER snap the floss into your gums.

2) Hold the floss between your thumbs and index fingers.

4) When the floss reaches the gums, curve it into a C-shape against the tooth and slide it into the space between the gum and the tooth. Repeat for both sides.

Can You Help Me Get All This Stuff Out?

Interdental Aids: Additional tools used by the client to work with toothbrushing in removing plaque and keeping the gingiva healthy

Available in a variety of forms, like:

Interdental Aids

Proxy Brush

Wooden Toothpick

SulcaBrush

Floss Threader

Water pick

SuperFloss

Talk to your dentist or hygienist about which product could be right for you!

Take a Swig and Swirl It Around

Mouth Rinses

  • Available both as OTC and by prescription from your dentist
  • Work to get rid of bad breath, fix gingivitis, and help control plaque build-up
  • Not meant to replace brushing and flossing
  • Not recommended for kids under 6 years old, unless instructed by a dentist

Show Me Those Pearly Whites

Whitening processes often use peroxide-based bleaching agents

In the Office

At Home

Whitening

  • 15-43% hydrogen peroxide
  • 4 rounds of treatment
  • 15 minutes each
  • Totalling 1 hour
  • Can cause some hypersensitivity
  • 3-20% hydrogen peroxide or carbamide
  • Available in different forms like tooth whitening strips/gels, or tooth whitening tooth pastes
  • Tray-based tooth bleaching systems provided by your dentist

THERE'S TOO MUCH FLUORIDE IN THE WATER!!

Don't worry! Fluoride is a NATURALLY occuring mineral that is proven safe and effective in preventing dental decay and hypersensitivity. It can be found in a variety of sources, including:

  • Water
  • Canned fish
  • Some veggies

Ask your dentist about 5.0% NaF varnish applied in the dental office

Fluoride

Shield Your Teeth

Fissure: Deep grooves that form in the teeth as they grow

Pit: 2 or more fissures coming together

Pit & Fissure Sealants

  • Sealants are a way to prevent cavies in the pits and fissures of your teeth
  • They work as a shield to protect hard-to-reach areas your toothbrush might not get into
  • Can be repaired/replaced with ease
  • Quick and painless process that can last up to 10 years if done properly

Denture Care

1) Remove and rinse dentures after eating to get rid of food debris and loose particles

2) Clean the mouth, remaining teeth, tongue, cheeks, etc. with a soft bristled brush

3) Ensure to remove all remaining denture glue

4) Brush dentures daily with a soft bristled brush and non-abrasive denture cleanser

5) Soak dentures overnight

6) Rinse dentures before putting them back in the mouth

Oral Cancer

Symptoms include:

Can occur in the lips, gums, tongue, cheeks, roof or floor of the mouth

Contact your doctor if any symptoms are present for 2 or more weeks

Mouth pain

Oral Cancer

Growth of a lump

Causes include:

  • Tobacco/smoking
  • Excessive alcohol
  • Sun exposure

Difficulty/painful swallowing

  • HPV
  • Radiation
  • Weakened immune system

Thank You for Reading

For more information on any of these topics, do not hesitate to speak to your dentist, dental hygienist, or visit the following websites:

The End

  • www.ada.org
  • www.cda-adc.ca
  • www.colgate.ca
  • www.listerine.com

References

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