ENGL E101F Wk 3 S2_L01

Question 1

How would you be feeling if you were 'full of beans'?

have a lot of energy and enthusiasm

Question 2

Which is correct: "Nine and seven is fifteen" or "Nine and seven are fifteen"?

None is correct.

Question 3

What would you be doing if you were "in the land of the Nod'?

In the state of sleep

Question 4

Why did the old lady put wheels on her rocking chair?

She wanted to rock and roll.

Summarizing practice

Summarize in about 180 words the text 'Spare the rod, save the child'.

Your summary should outline the situation briefly, and then focus on the causes of the prevalence of corporal punishment in Kenya. You must write in paragraphs with full sentences and you must not copy indiscriminately from the passage.

Summarizing practice

What you did:

• Key ideas related to the situation and the causes

Comments

Some of you are able to locate quite a number of key ideas.

Some have located the key ideas but put them under the wrong heading.

Comments

When you look for key ideas, make sure that you have the focuses in mind.

Take the last paragraph as an example. Is it related to the situation? Is it one of the causes for teachers to administer corporal punishment.

It is just about the opinions of the experts. There is nothing to do with both focuses.

Comments

Apart from that, you also need to know the focuses well so that you can locate the correct ideas under them.

Think about the following.

Comments

Do you think punishing students for petty offences is one reason why teachers administered corporal punishment?

Do you think no teachers have been convicted is more like a situation or a cause for teachers to administer corporal punishment?

Comments

Read the article more carefully.

Put more thoughts into identifying key ideas.

Ideas won't jump here and there. They should be arranged in a logical order even in the original text.

Comments

For example, in this practice, the first 3 paragraphs should be related to the situation and the rest should be on causes.

Don't mix them up.

Comments

See if you can identify some combinations.

For example, some ideas are related to teachers' attitudes and beliefs such as without corporal punishment, schools would descend into chaos, corporal punishment is one of the few disciplinary tools available given large class size, etc. Then it will be easier for you to locate ideas under different categories.

Looking for key ideas: situation & causes

Situation:

Par. 1?

No. It's an example.

Par. 2?

Par. 3?

Par. 4?

no Implications on education

Looking for key ideas: situation & causes

Causes:

Par. 5?

no conviction; not unlawful

Par. 6?

化愜刃廿teachers' belief & opposition from teachers' union

Par. 7?

teachers' belief

Looking for key ideas: situation & causes

Causes:

Par. 8?

large class size

Par. 9?

no.

about human rights, neither the situation nor the cause

Key ideas

Situation:

• Omanga's case not isolated

• 6 deaths in the last four years

• Some suffered serious injuries

• often punished for petty offences:
• coming late to school
• wearing a torn uniform

Key ideas

Causes:

• Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs:

• In favour of corporal punishment

• Would descend into chaos

• Children would become even more unruly

• Less rather than more violence

Key ideas

• Large class sizes:

• One of the few disciplinary tools available given large class sizes

• Teacher-pupil ratio: 1:31

• Class of 50-60 students are common

• Burden heaviest in rural areas with teachers' posts left vacant

Key ideas

• Not banned as difficulties in prosecution:

• Attempt to ban

• Fail because of teachers' oppositions

• No teacher has been convicted

Paraphrasing

• Prepare a summary by paraphrasing the key ideas.
• Write in paragraphs.

Paraphrasing

Situation:

The use of corporal punishment is common in Kenyan schools.

At least 6 students died of corporal punishment in the past 4 years.

Paraphrasing

Situation:

There have been reports of students sustaining serious injuries caused by corporal punishment.

Students are often punished for minor offences such as lateness or untidiness.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs

The use of corporal punishment received overwhelming support from the teachers' union.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Teachers' attitudes/ beliefs

Many teachers believe that corporal punishment is the best way to deal with unruly behaviour and that it will decrease children violence in the long run.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Large class size

The national teacher-pupil ratio is 1:31, which means in many schools the class size is commonly big.

To manage a big class of 50 to 60 students, corporal punishment is considered to be a good disciplinary tool.

This is particularly true with rural schools where there are many unfilled teaching posts.

Paraphrasing

Causes: Not banned as difficulties in prosecution

Even though there was an attempt to ban the practice a few years back, it was not successful due to teachers' opposition.

Corporal punishment at school is not a criminal offence.

Unit 1

Activity 4

terminer: to decide (Old French)

Determined

easy + going

easygoing

ego: the self

egotistical

ir: not resolute: solve

irresolute

Unit 1

Activity 7

Proofread the rest of the activity

Result of the Quiz

• 22 responses were received.
• Only the part of speech of 'window' is unanimously agreed upon.
• The answers of these words are quite diversified. They include:
• meander; grin; comatose & ennui

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noun

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noun

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adjective/noun

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conjunction

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preposition & adverb

under the table vs

go under the bridge

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pronoun

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verb

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adverb

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adjective

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verb

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conjunction

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conjunction

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verb

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pronoun

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noun

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adverb

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noun/verb

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verb/noun

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adjective

Only 19% are correct

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noun

About the result

About the result

About the result

Any implication/ indication

1. How well the words are learned

2. How good your performance in proofreading will be

3. A signal for brushing up your English

What is it?

The part a word plays in a sentence

Example: John will come to see us soon.

What is the part of speech of each word?

John will come to see us soon.

Pronoun

Verb: finite

Noun

Verb:

non-finite

Adverb

8 parts of speech

Nouns Pronouns Adjectives Articles

Verbs Adverbs

Conjunctions

Prepositions

May also include:

interjection or exclamation

8 parts of speech

Nouns

Common nouns e.g. book

Proper nouns e.g. Hong Kong

Abstract nouns e.g. love

Collective nouns e.g. a herd

8 parts of speech

Pronouns

Subject pronouns e.g. They

Object pronouns e.g. them

Possessive adjectives e.g. their

Possessive pronouns e.g. theirs

Reflexive/ emphatic pronouns e.g. themselves

8 parts of speech

Articles

Indefinite articles e.g. a, an

Definite articles e.g. the

Adjectives

tall, beautiful

comparatives e.g. taller, more beautiful

superlatives e.g. the tallest, the most beautiful

8 parts of speech

Verbs

Finite verbs e.g. They have gone swimming.

Tense and aspect, Voice

Non-finite verbs e.g. Gerund, Infinitives, Participles

Gerund (verbal noun) e.g.

They have gone swimming.

Infinitives e.g.

I want to go swimming too. Please let me go with them.

Participles e.g. the running water, the broken chair.

8 parts of speech

Adverbs

slowly, fast

Comparatives e.g. more slowly, faster

Superlatives e.g. the most slowly, the fastest

Prepositions

Place e.g. in a room

Time e.g. at six

Location e.g. under the water

Phrasal verbs (verbs + prepositions) e.g. look into

8 parts of speech

Conjunctions

Coordinating conjunctions e.g. and, but

Subordinating conjunctions e.g. when, because

8 parts of speech

Related patterns

Phrases

Noun phrases e.g. the head of the family

Adjective phrases e.g. with brown hair

Adverbial phrases e.g. the day after tomorrow

Prepositional phrases e.g. in the morning, by the river

8 parts of speech

Clauses

Noun clauses

He told me that you won the writing competition.

Adjective clauses

The girl who is standing there is a cousin of mine.

Donald Trump, who is a billionaire, has become the President of the USA.

Compare:

The news that he will move to New York is rather shocking.

The news that arrived this morning is rather shocking.

8 parts of speech

Adverb clauses

People like to go hiking when it is cool. (time)

Although he is fat, he runs very fast. (concession)

He stood up so that he could see more clearly. (purpose)

Reason, condition, place, results, etc

Word formation

Process

Borrowing e.g. ballet

Coinage e.g. sandwich

shortening e.g. JUPAS, flu, brunch, edit

Compounding e.g. pickpocket, fire-engine

Conversion e.g. attack (v) to attack (n)

Derivation e.g. dishonest (dis + honest), treatment (treat + ment)

Word formation

Conversion and derivation

Conversion: from one part of speech to another part of speech without changing the form and pronunciation e.g. fax, love

Derivation: add prefix e.g. unhappy or suffix e.g. careful, distribution

Therefore, endings often tell us which part of speech the word belongs to.

Word formation

Some examples

Adverbs

careful(ly), quick(ly), happ(ily)

Except: silly, friendly, etc

Nouns

relat(ion), dictat(ion)

complete(ness), happi(ness)

local(ity), real(ity)

friend(ship), hard(ship)

child(hood), brother(hood)

develop(ment), govern(ment)

Others: confiden(ce), proficien(cy)

Word formation

Verbs

(en)joy, fast(en), loos(en), (en)sure, (en)danger

beauti(fy), satis(fy)

Adjectives

help(ful), use(ful)

help(less), use(less)

chingl(ish), fool(ish)

angr(y), hungr(y)

danger(ous), conscienti(ous)

comfort(able), un(able)

Presentation

Work in groups

Do some reading and research and present what you have found in class

Duration: not more than 10 minutes

Present with ppt

Worksheets can be distributed

Week 9

Presentation

Here are some reference books that may help.

Online dictionaries:

https://www.collinsdictionary.com/dictionary/english

http://www.freecollocation.com/