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Vikings

In England and Frankia

Frankia

800 AD

1000 AD

900 AD

1066 AD

700 AD

England

800 AD

1000 AD

1066 AD

900 AD

700 AD

8th Century AD

800 - 900

Easy Target Discovered!

840 AD

  • Louis the Pious, Emperor of Frankia passed away, so one of his sons, Lothar, called on a Viking fleet to support him in a power feud with his brothers
  • This made Vikings realize that the Royal Franks were willing to pay a great amount to them if they ceased their attacks on their citizens
  • Frankia became a valuable and favored target among the Norsemen from then on

840 AD

845 AD

First Siege of Paris

845 AD

  • The city of Paris is attacked by Norsemen scavenging the land for the past four years
  • There were around 5000 warriors in 120 ships sailing down the River Seine with Danish Viking Chieftain Reginheri leading them
  • The reason for this siege is thought to be that the Viking Chief had a score to settle with the Frankish King, Charles the Bald
  • King Charles split his army into two garrisons and fortifies the two shores of the River Seine, but this fails with the Vikings easily defeating one of the garrisons
  • On March 28th - 29th, the Vikings were able to take over Paris without much of a fight
  • The freedom of Paris was worth 7000 livres of silver and gold
  • Even after the Vikings left the city, nearby towns were still left pillaged

845 AD

King Horik

  • Danish Viking King Horik and his army ravaged the city of Hamburg
  • The King of East Frankia made a peace treaty with the Viking King later on
  • Reginheri confronted to King Horik about the plague that took many of his men
  • Afraid that the plague was a curse from attacking the Abbey of St Denis (a church in Paris), the King ordered all the surviving Vikings from that attack to be killed
  • The Viking King also freed all the Christian prisoners

King Horik

King Charles

Vikings Visit Bordeaux

848 AD

  • In the summer of 848 AD, the Vikings attack Bordeaux
  • The citizens thought they had successfully fought the raiders off, but the Vikings came back at night, using the darkness to their advantage
  • The Vikings started a siege, destroying buildings and attacking the people
  • King Charles sends a fleet to the city to relieve them of the siege
  • The fleet wasn't able to save the city, other than doing some damage to the Viking longboats

848 AD

856 AD

Raids in West Frankia

856 AD

  • The West Franks were a vulnerable target since they were threatened by other Frankish Kingdoms like Aquitaine, Brittany, and powerful nobles, so they had trouble when the Vikings came
  • West Frankia also had the most richest lands in all of Frankia
  • Vikings started to concentrate their raids on West Frankia in 856 AD
  • The Norsemen built bases at Jeufosse and Oissel
  • They used longboats and horses to get far into the region
  • Paris and St Maur were sacked twice and Evreux, Bayeux, and Noyon were among the towns devastated by the Vikings
  • King Charles (The King of West Frankia) had to bring raiders from another region to fight the Vikings off
  • The Vikings left the area of West Frankia they stayed at in 862 but not Frankia

857 AD

St Denis

857 AD

St Denis

  • The Vikings attacked St Denis on Easter morning, right at dawn
  • Easter was an important Christian festival so there were undoubtedly many wealthy guests and rich gifts gathered at important religious buildings like St Denis
  • The festival proved a great chance to raid and take goods and riches
  • The King had to raise a ransom and a contribution of 688 lb of gold and 3250 lb of silver from St Denis to free the captives

860 AD - 884 AD

Preparing

860 AD

  • The Norsemen start attacking Paris and the towns near it again
  • King Charles the Bald of West Frankia passes away in 877
  • Once the throne is open for the taking, many try to rule but their attempts are all short-lived, as they couldn't build a good enough defense system from the Vikings
  • In 884, King Charles the Fat of Germany and Italy takes the throne of Frankia
  • After this event, Frankia starts to build better defense systems, for they learned their lesson
  • Paris became well-fortified, thanks to Count Odo, son of Robert the Strong who also worked on defense from the Vikings
  • At 884 AD, the Franks were prepared for the Second Siege of Paris

885 AD

The Second Siege of Paris

885 AD

  • Earl Siegfried the Sinric brought Norsemen and one of the fiercest Viking warriors, Rolf the Ganger (Rollo) to West Frankia and starts a siege
  • Siegfried first demands tribute but is denied
  • The Vikings try to sail through the River Seine to Paris but are stopped by two bridges (one made of wood the other of stone) built beforehand across the two river ways to the city
  • The towers on the bridges were also heavily guarded by Parisian Royals
  • The Vikings ask for a tribute for the second time but is denied
  • They attack the Grand Châtelet and try to climb it's tall walls but the defenders pour down boiling oil and wax
  • The Vikings try to take down the city gates with no success yet again
  • They attack the Grand Châtelet again, throwing grenade-like weapons
  • These events go on for two months, the Norsemen putting in efforts and tactics to enter the city and scavenging the nearby lands for anything useful

The Second Siege of Paris (Continued)

886 AD

  • On February, the Vikings try to burn down the wooden bridge but fails
  • The weakened bridge support from the fire crashes down after a following flood, giving the Vikings a chance to attack
  • With no backup, the Parisian defenders in the tower were killed off, refusing to give in peacefully
  • The Viking Army split, some continuing the siege while others raided nearby lands
  • Once the Parisians were able to call for help, the Vikings continuing the siege were attacked unexpectedly
  • Siegfried asked for a final small tribute of 60 lb of silver and left the siege
  • Rolf the Ganger and his men stayed to continue the siege, trying and failing to take over Paris in the Summer
  • In October, the Imperial Army arrived, and instead of capturing the Vikings, they pay them 700 livres to deal with the revolt in Burgundy

886 AD

7th Century AD

700 - 800

787 AD

First Arrival

787 AD

  • First recorded Viking raid in England
  • There were three Viking ships
  • At Portland Bay
  • Thought to be a trading expedition
  • Locals went to greet the Vikings but it turned into a violent conflict
  • Didn't get much attention at the time since there were no serious damage and it didn't affect the whole region

793 AD

Raid at Lindisfarne

793 AD

  • Raid at the Monastery and Liberty of Lindisfarne
  • On the northeast coast of England
  • Occurred on June 8th
  • Lindisfarne was a famous, sacred, religious place and a library and a center of learning as well
  • Shook and horrified many citizens, royals, and nobles that someone could do such horrible things to the site and the people (monks) who lived there

8th Century AD

800 - 900

843 AD

Winter Camp

843 AD

  • Vikings started to stay in safe bases during Winter
  • Norsemen had returned to their homeland, Norway, before
  • During this year, they built camp on the islands of Noirmoutier as their base

865 AD

The Great Heathen Army

865 AD

  • A large army of Vikings cross the North sea to Britain
  • Motive was to conquer land, not just to raid
  • Managed to conquer most of Britain, like the Kingdoms of Northumbria, East-Anglia, and most of Mercia
  • Alfred the Great beat them in battle later on and signed a peace agreement with the Vikings (although there were still battles to come)
  • The Vikings and Alfred divided England's land, so that on one side was where Vikings ruled, Danelaw, and on the other was where Anglo-Saxons would rule.

876 AD

Jorvik

876 AD

  • Vikings made York the capital of Danelaw
  • Changed from York to Jorvik
  • Through the years there were strong Viking Kings and Kings who let themselves be ruled by Alfred the Great
  • There were times when it seemed like the English ruled Danelaw rather than the Vikings

885 AD

Defense Systems

885 AD

  • Alfred the Great has been strengthening the defense systems around the big towns he ruled
  • This proved to be a success when Vikings attacked this year and the towns were able to fend them off long enough for backup
  • In 886, when Alfred captures London, he strengthens it's defenses too

893 AD

Start of the Danish Invasion

893 AD

  • Two Danish Viking Armies sailed to England to invade the kingdom
  • One Danish Viking Army from Boulogne sailed to Kent at the Lympne Estuary (now called the River Rother) with 250 ships
  • Army from Boulogne took over a half-completed fort in Appledore
  • Another Danish Army led by Hastein sailed to Milton with 80 ships and set up camp
  • Alfred the Great set his army between the two Viking Armies and waited for their next move

894 AD

Middle of The Danish Invasion

894 AD

  • Alfred chose to concentrate on Hastein's Army
  • Edward, Alfred's son, battles the Viking Army that was in Appledore, now in Farnham, and wins
  • On the Island of Essex, Hastein's Army unites with the remaining Vikings of the Army that fought Edward
  • The combined army moves to Shoebury and is joined by another Viking Army that had just besieged Exeter
  • This new army of Vikings move to Chester only to be caught by the Saxons and almost starved to death
  • The Vikings escape to Whales and regroup (also raid and gain a bunch of goods) and then travel to build camp on River Lea, 20 miles north of London

End of Danish Invasion

895 AD

  • Alfred the Great builds forts on both sides of the River Lea, downstream from the Vikings
  • Unable to escape through the river, the Vikings travel to River Severn
  • The Danish Invasion ends because the Vikings were running short on supplies and resources
  • The Viking Army split and some returns to Northumbria while others go raid in the South
  • The Invasion turns out unsuccessful for the Vikings

895 AD

9th Century AD

900 - 1000

954 AD

Last Viking King of Jorvik

954 AD

  • Anglo-Saxons defeated the last King of Jorvik, Eric Bloodaxe
  • Name changed back to York
  • From this time and on, the English took full control of York
  • There were several attempts from Vikings to take over York once again but they all failed

10th Century AD

1000 - 1066

Aethelred the Unready

1002 AD

Massacre of St Brice's Day

  • 968 AD - 1016 AD
  • The King of the English from 978 - 1013 and again from 1014 - 1016
  • "Unready" comes from the Anglo-Saxon noun Unræd, which means ill-advised, so it translates more accurately to Æthelred the Ill-Advised
  • (Æthelred means well-advised)
  • Ruled the English for 37 years as the second longest Anglo-Saxon Ruler

1002 AD

  • On November 13th Aethelred ordered the Danes in England to be killed, causing a huge death toll, especially in the south
  • Historians believed this happened since there were 34 to 38 young warrior skeletons near Oxford and 54 beheaded Scandinavian men skeletons discovered at another site
  • One of the victims is believed to be Gunhilde, sister of the King of Denmark, Sweyn Forkbeard, who invaded Western England the following year, presumably for revenge

End of the Viking Age

1066 AD

  • This is the year the Anglo-Saxon rule ended and Britain began a new era
  • The English Throne was to be given to any of the three: Harold Godwinson(Earl of Wessex), Harald Hardrada(King of Norway), or William(Duke of Normandy)
  • The throne was given to Harold, but the other two competitors try to take it anyway
  • Harold and Harald battle (later called the Battle of Stanford Bridge) and Harold wins
  • Just weeks later (October 14th) after the Battle of Stanford Bridge, William attacked, and defeated Harold and his army
  • William is crowned King
  • The end of the Viking Age because Viking culture was fading quickly and being absorbed by Christian Europe

William the Conqueror

  • William was crowned King on Christmas day
  • He was able to protect the throne from any future Viking Invasions
  • William was a descendent of Scandinavian settlers from northern France

1066 AD

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