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AMERICAN LITERARY PERIODS
1620-1750
The colonial period arise from the native american colonies and it took place between 1620 to 1750 and it was the beginning of the American Literature
Common literary genres: sermons, diaries, poems journals, histories, narratives, etc. They were focus on oral transmission of literature works.
The writings were mostly centered in religious issues
By Nathaniel Philbrick
A Philosopher in the age of reason believed that consciousness and reasoning were the main doors that would lead us to freedom and happiness.
Locke disproved the idea that our knowledge was pre-programmed.
The age of reason was a period in which the literature and the way of thinking changed and it was because of the people that were part of this period that started creating new things. For example:
Rights of Man by Thomas Paine
This Glorious Struggle by George Washington
Common Sense by Thomas Paine
Philip Freneau, The British Prison
DOCUMENTS: Declaration of Independence, The U.S. Constitution.
1800-1860
The importance of originality was recognized
Among its themes were death, nature, ruins, disillusionment, freedom, tradition, feelings and emotions.
Alone by Edgar Allan Poe
Romantic Gothic Tales, 1790-1840 by Gary Richard Thompson
The Little Mermaid by Hans Christian Andersen
Morella by Edgar Allan Poe
London
by William Blake
1830-1880
Greater importance to the intuitive than to the logical
strong relationship between God, man and nature
Linked the individual with the universal
The soul of each person is identical to the universal spirit
God can be found everywhere
Desired to achieve the freedom that would mean realization as an individual
They respected and valued women. They began to think about women's rights.
WaldenWalden by Henry David Thoreau
Self-Reliance and Other Essays by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman
Nature by Ralph Waldo Emerson
Walden & Civil Disobedience by Henry David Thoreau
Into the Wild by Jon Krakauer
1830-1880
It was a literary subgenre that took place from 1830 to 1880. It was also known as gothic or dark literature. It took place in the same period as transcendentalism, in opposition to it.
They describe the limitation and negative aspects of humans
They focused more on the negative aspects of nature, for example: Fire purifies but can also destroy everything.
They held that there is always evil in the human heart.
There were two common types of writers in this period: transcendentalist or obscure. The dark ones will be those who used serious and horrifying tones in their works, one of the most famous was Edgar Allan Poe for example in his poem "the raven", the raven was a symbol of death.
For the dark writers, the sea was scattered everywhere.
Centered on human evil and the propensity to sin.
Were influenced by transcendentalism although they did not support its ideas.
Did not believe that perfection was an innate quality of human beings.
Their characters are very prone to sin since they are not governed by divine grace or wisdom.
One of their criticisms was that they perceive a world in which God is inherent. Also the fact that they used images representing evil in the guise of demons, ghosts, monsters or vampires.
Shared with transcendentalism the idea that nature is a spiritual force but both contemplated it in a different way.
1850-1900
It was a literary movement that began even when transcendentalism and anti-transcendentalism had not yet ended.
It took place during the civil war
At this time, people were bored with fiction, so they focused on real events and disasters that occurred at that time.
They wrote about real, everyday things in order to explain social reality.
The most outstanding genre of this period was the novel because it explained the social reality.
The most outstanding genre of this period was the novel, since it was based on the philosophical doctrine called determinism, which says that the origins of human problems are genetic, social and material, which was included in the literature and art of this period.
They often used satire and social denunciation in their literature.
focused on the upper class
Ethan Frome by Edith Wharton
The Adventures of Huckleberry Finn by Mark Twain
The House of Mirth by Edith Wharton
The Age of Innocence by Edith Wharton
The Portrait of a Lady by Henry James
1865- 1915
Literary movement that emerged in the nineteenth century as a continuation of realism.
opposed to romantic idealism
Its artistic and literary vision was closer to the truth and far from fiction.
It emphasized free will and human reason as the truths of man.
influenced by Comte's positivism, Darwin's evolutionism and Mendel's genetics.
Literature was a social, political and ideological weapon.
Naturalism is an evolution of realism.
focused on the lower class, as opposed to realism, which focused on the upper class.
Human existence came from natural forces that did not come from the will. These forces came from the social reality, the economic environment, instinct, passion, etc.
Literature should highlight or be focused on society, defining it as real as possible, away from moral or ethical values.
Realism was indifferent to the concepts of beautiful and ugly since it was considered that they had no difference or that if so there was no importance or indifference between them.
its characters were centered on the lower class
in their works they used a language that did not discriminate against the jargon or popular speech characteristic of the lower classes.
El Naturalismo Émile Zola
La cuestión palpitante. Emilia Pardo Bazán
Thérèse RaquinÉmile Zola, Robin Buss
1865-1915
It was a literary movement characterized by describing in detail the culture, language, geography, customs, beliefs and history.
The land is the main protagonist of his works.
They were very detailed when describing the richness of the land.
They highlighted specific issues of the countries such as the dialect.
Helped to highlight American regional entities.
It was also a great help to the country after the civil war as it helped to reunify the country.
James Lane Allen [5]
Mary Austin [5]
Wendell Berry
Alice Brown [5]
George Washington Cable [6] [5]
Erskine Caldwell
Alice Cary [5]
Willa Cather
Charles W. Chesnutt [5]
Kate Chopin [5]
Irvin S. Cobb
August Derleth
Alice Dunbar Nelson [5]
Edward Eggleston [6] [5]
Sui Sin Far
William Faulkner
Mary E. Wilkins Freeman [5]
Richard Ford
Zona Gale [5]
Hamlin Garland [5]
Ellen Glasgow
Davis Grubb
Joel Chandler Harris [6] [5]
Bret Harte [6] [5]
Pauline Hopkins
Sarah Orne Jewett [5]
Grace King [5]
Harper Lee
Carson McCullers
regionnal language was used
it is based on classic stories and legends of the region
cultural traits of a specific region
its aspect was centralized not globalized as it discussed specific aspects of the region.
1900-1950
modernism sought to defend the imagination, beauty and creativity as people live in a hurry and spend many hours at work and the world has become a place where machines take the place of human beings.
industrialism caused the interest in imagination and the arts to diminish as society focused more on its development than on beauty and aesthetics.
focused on some themes such as the passion for art, the attitude of revelry, defended the imagination and feelings.
its main objective was to show the historical movement that had arisen at that time.
its main themes were death, the passage of time, loneliness, nature that reflected the writer's emotions.
they were concerned with the way in which they expressed the contents of their works.
The favorite genre of the modernists was poetry because it allowed them to express beauty and aesthetics.
They wanted to emphasize aesthetics in their work which meant the pleasure or enjoyment of art and language.
They defended the motto "art for art's sake", which meant that the creation of works of art was purely for pleasure and not because they needed a reason to do so.
One of the characteristics of modernism was its works with neat and careful language, selected with delicacy and using literary figures.
It influenced the art of painting, drawing and architecture.
They rejected realism because it sought to move away from everyday life, so they wrote about locations that allowed them to move away from reality.
As in Romanticism, they sought freedom and to break the rules created by their predecessors.
Nightwood by Djuna Barnes
Heart of Darkness by Joseph Conrad
Howards End by E. M. Forster
A Farewell to Arms by Ernest Hemingway
Point Counter Point by Aldous Huxley
Ulysses by James Joyce
1950- present
some of the characteristics of the contemporary period are its technological advances and its social, cultural and political changes.
It began with the Second World War, which imposed a change of mentality in the social area.
writers break the criteria and aesthetic models of previous periods to express their thoughts.
it is based on real life taking into account fiction, fantasy and mystery.
One of the benefits of the era is that thanks to the technological revolution their works can increase the number of publications of their works.
New genres such as comics, comic books and cyberpunk emerged.
It reflects a vision of the world in which there was a break with traditional customs and beliefs.
They play with reality and fiction through the new literary genres that emerge which mix different writing techniques.
breaks with the chronological order, that is, the order in which events occur. In contemporary literature, time does not pass in a linear way. In this way they are able to start explaining an event from the end.
They do not focus on a single point of view, which gives the reader the opportunity to use his or her own judgment.
A common feature of contemporary works is that the narrator is at odds with the reality he is talking about.
Fiction
graphic novel
Free verse poetry.
The folk tale or fable.
The comedy.
Social inequality
Terrorism and war
Alienation of human beings in society
Politics and corruption
The environment and the lack of awareness of its care
Ethics and morality
Economics and social classes
Gender inequality
hree Junes. Author: Julia Glass.
Commonwealth. Author: Ann Patchett.
Beartown. Author: Fredrik Backman.
The Heart's Invisible Furies. Author: John Boyne.
Room. Author: Emma Donoghue.
Eleanor Oliphant is Completely Fine.
A Little Life.
Extremely Loud and Incredibly Close.
CREATED BY: TANIA LISBETH RUIZ
TEACHER: WILLIAM MOLINA
TOPIC: LITERARY PERIODS