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-Sites where replication begins
-Can occur at either end or in the middle of strand of DNA
Replication bubble forms where the helicases separate the DNA strand
special unwinding proteins that attach themselves to one DNA strand and cause separation of the double helix at the origin of replication
Special protein that prevents re-formation of the DNA double helix
-Enzymes that facilitate the relaxation of supercoiling in DNA before helicase
- Play essential roles in replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination
-They serve as the marker for where the DNA polymerase to add the complementary nucleotide pairs of the new strand
-Form at the end of the bubble when the strands of DNA are elongating
As the DNA is being unwound by helicase, the leading and lagging strand are formed
The strand that is synthesized in fragments using individual sections called Okazaki fragments
The leading strand is the strand that is replicated in the 3’ to 5’ direction, or the same direction as the replication fork
DNA Ligase: The enzyme which connects the individual okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming covalent bonds
Primase: The enzyme that creates a short sequence of RNA to start DNA replication
DNA polymerase: Enzymes that replicates DNA strand by forming nucleic acid molecules. Polymerase guides incoming nucleoside triphosphate to the template strand and positions in so the 5’ triphosphate reacts with the 3’ hydroxyl group of the new strand.
-The pieces of DNA that are the broken parts of the lagging strand of DNA at the replication fork
-As the template strand loops, DNA polymerase attaches to the fragments in the 5’ to 3’ direction, creating Okazaki fragments
-DNA ligase connects the fragments to produce new strand of DNA
A weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of another polar molecule. It holds the DNA molecules together.