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Transcript

DNA Replication

ORIGIN OF REPLICATION

-Sites where replication begins

-Can occur at either end or in the middle of strand of DNA

Origin Of Replication

REPLICATION BUBBLE

Replication bubble forms where the helicases separate the DNA strand

Replication Bubble

Helicase

special unwinding proteins that attach themselves to one DNA strand and cause separation of the double helix at the origin of replication

HELICASE

Single Strand Binding Protein

Special protein that prevents re-formation of the DNA double helix

SINGLE STRAND BINDING PROTEIN

TOPOISOMERASE

Topoisomerase

-Enzymes that facilitate the relaxation of supercoiling in DNA before helicase

- Play essential roles in replication, transcription, chromosome segregation, and recombination

REPLICATION FORK

-They serve as the marker for where the DNA polymerase to add the complementary nucleotide pairs of the new strand

-Form at the end of the bubble when the strands of DNA are elongating

Replication Fork

STRANDS

As the DNA is being unwound by helicase, the leading and lagging strand are formed

Lagging and Leading Strand

LAGGING STRAND

Lagging Strand

The strand that is synthesized in fragments using individual sections called Okazaki fragments

LEADING STRAND

Leading Strand

The leading strand is the strand that is replicated in the 3’ to 5’ direction, or the same direction as the replication fork

Primers

Proteins/Primers

DNA Ligase: The enzyme which connects the individual okazaki fragments on the lagging strand by forming covalent bonds

Primase: The enzyme that creates a short sequence of RNA to start DNA replication

DNA polymerase: Enzymes that replicates DNA strand by forming nucleic acid molecules. Polymerase guides incoming nucleoside triphosphate to the template strand and positions in so the 5’ triphosphate reacts with the 3’ hydroxyl group of the new strand.

Okazaki Fragments

Okazaki Fragments

-The pieces of DNA that are the broken parts of the lagging strand of DNA at the replication fork

-As the template strand loops, DNA polymerase attaches to the fragments in the 5’ to 3’ direction, creating Okazaki fragments

-DNA ligase connects the fragments to produce new strand of DNA

Hydrogen Bonds

A weak chemical bond formed when the slightly positive hydrogen atom of a polar molecule is attracted to the slightly negative atom of another polar molecule. It holds the DNA molecules together.

Bonds

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