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Salvation Army 101 - Church History
1
Salvation Army 101
Church History
Significant Impacts:
Social Conditions
Each of these factors created a social environment of extreme inequality that dramatically impacted the culture of London during the 1800-1900's
(1760-1840)
Industrial Revolution
- England was the first to move from agricultural - manufacturer economy.
- Became the richest country in the world.
- Unregulated industrialization
- Unequal distribution of wealth.
London Life
Urbanization
- Migration from rural - urban dramatically increased:
* 1801 - 20% of the population
* 1850 - 50% of the population
* 1901 - 75% of the population
- Lead to overcrowding, crime, and illness.
1820-1850
- Cheap labor lead to poor working conditions:
*Sanitation
*Unfair Wages/Hours
*Unregulated Safety Requirements
*Women & Children
Economics
1851-1873
- Working conditions improved:
* Higher Wages
* Reasonable Hours/ Weekends
* Mandated Regulations
Politics
Reformation Acts
* Reformation Acts were passed:
- 1832
- 1867
- 1844
* Slow move into democracy
* Women (30+) able to vote 1918
* Women (21+) able to vote 1928
Saving Face
Political Pressure
- Academics published works discussing the concerns of the working class.
- Government intervened and curbed the effects of "free economy" and capitalism on the public.
Division Of The Classes
Class System
Demographics:
- 5% - Elite
- 15% - Middle
- 85% - Working Class (poor)
Forced to live in slums London's
East End
People were "valued" based on:
- Race
- Gender
- Class
- Religion
England's Religious
Climate 19th C.
Religion
- Agnostics or Atheists were not heard of in this time.
- General belief that society should be "Christian" and religion should be shared.
Protestant
Church of England
- State Church
- Elite (people of power)
- Tax Collection
- University Acceptance
- Conservative Party
Dissenters
- Those not affiliated with the CoE. Included:
* Baptists
*Methodists
*Congregationalists, etc.
- Working Class mainly attended along with some middle class.
- Desired to secure religious freedoms as government supported rite.
Roman
Catholic
- Largely attended by immigrants
- Few "native" Englishmen attended.
- Dissenters were not popular with this group.
- Clashed often with other churches.
Common Practices:
Church Culture
Christian Missions:
* Home and Abroad (donations)
Revival Campaigns:
* Traveling Evangelists
Sunday School:
* All children attended with or without parents.
Settlement Housing:
* Students move in to educate, provide health care, etc.
Victorians
Outcome
- Worried about working class
- Thought working class were "Secular," "Godless," "Heathens."
- Truth - W/C did attend church
- More infrequently than upper classes due to restrictions on work and family life.
Food For Thought
Questions?
Do you see any similarities between 19th C. England and our modern experience?
What can we learn from this?
Questions?
Topic
Next
Week
William & Catherine Booth
&
Salvation Army Origins